References
- F El-Zanaty, A Way. Egypt Demographic & Health Survey. 2008; National Population Council; Ministry of Health and Population.
- F El-Zanaty, A Way. Egypt Demographic & Health Survey. 2000; National Population Council; Ministry of Health and Population.
- TM Eldin, M Gadalla, M El-Tayeb. Prevalence of female genital cutting among Egyptian girls. Bulletin of World Health Organization. 86: 2008; 269–274.
- O El-Gibaly, B Ibrahim, B Mensch. The decline of female circumcision in Egypt: evidence and interpretation. Policy Research Division Working Paper. 1999; Population Council: Cairo.
- Eliminating female genital mutilation. An interagency statement. 2008; WHO: Geneva.
- Egyptian Fertility Care Society. Clinic-based investigation of the typology and Self-reporting of FGM in Egypt. Final Report, November 1996.
- AA Hadi, SA Salam. Physicians' attitudes towards female circumcision. 1999; Cairo Institute for Human Rights: Cairo.
- A Ragab. Some ethical considerations regarding medicalization of female genital mutilation/cutting. Bioetica Journal. 8: 2008; 10–13.
- Global strategy to stop health-care providers from performing female genital mutilation. 2010; WHO: Geneva.
- F El-Zanaty, A Way. Egypt Interim Demographic & Health Survey. 2003; National Population Council; Ministry of Health and Population.
- AG El-Serour, A Ragab. Towards the eradication of female circumcision, questions and answers of religious scholars. 2005; UNICEF: Cairo.
- El Awa S. Female circumcision from an Islamic perspective. Monograph. National Council for Childhood and Motherhood, undated.
- A Ragab, AG el-Serour. Towards a comprehensive and alternative vision for eradicating female genital mutilation. 2003; WHO: Cairo.
- National Council for Childhood and Motherhood. Documentation of the FGM Free Village Model Project, Summary Report, 2008.
- Ministry of Health. Decree No. 271, 2007.
- Egypt Penal Code, close 242 bis, 2008.
- N El-Sadawi. The Hidden Face of Eve. 1980; Zed Books: London.
- L Abu Lughod. The romance of resistance: tracing transformations of power through Bedouin women. American Ethnologist. 17(1): 1990; 41–55.
- S Ortner. Borderland politics and erotics: gender and sexuality in Himalayan mountaineering. B Ortner. Making Gender: The Politics and Erotics of Culture. 1996; Beacon: Boston, 181–212.
- J Clark. State of desire: transformations in Huli sexuality. L Manderson, J Margaret. Sites of Desire/Economics of Pleasure. 1997; University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 191–211.
- N Toubia. Female Genital Mutiliation: A Call to Global Action. 1993; Women Ink: New York.
- J Whitehor, O Ayonrinde, S Maingay. Female genital mutiliation: cultural and psychological implications. Sexual and Relationship Therapy. 2: 2002; 161–170.
- BC Ozumba. Acquired genestresia in Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 37: 1992; 105–109.
- F Ahmadu. Rites and wrongs: an insider/outsider reflects on power and excision. B Shell-Duncan, Y Hernlund. Female ‘Circumcision’ in Africa: Culture, Controversy and Change. 2000; Lynne Rienner: Boulder, 283–312.
- F Ahmadu. “Ain't I a woman too?”: challenging myths of sexual dysfunction in circumcised women. Y Hernlund, B Shell-Duncan. Transcultural Bodies: Female Genital Cutting in Global Context. 2007; Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick.
- Dellenborg L. Multiple meanings of female initiation. “Circumcision” among Jola women in Lower Casamance, Senegal. PhD dissertation, Department of Social Anthropology, Göteborg University, 2007.
- JL Fourcroy. Customs, culture and tradition: what role do they play in a woman's sexuality?. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 3: 2006; 954–959.
- CM Obermeyer. The consequences of female circumcision for health and sexuality: an update on the evidence. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 7: 2005; 443–461.
- CM Obermeyer, R Reynolds. Female genital surgeries, reproductive health and sexuality. Reproductive Health Matters. 7(13): 1999; 112–120.
- H Stewart, L Morison, R White. Determinants of coital frequency among married women in Central African Republic: the role of female genital cutting. Journal of Biosocial Sciences. 34: 2002; 525–539.
- H Khattab. Women's Perceptions of Sexuality in Rural Giza. Monographs in Reproductive Health No.1. 1996; Population Council: Cairo.
- M Karim, R Ammar. Female Circumcision and Sexual Desire. 1965; Ain Shams University Press: Cairo.
- RM Abd El-Hady, AB El-Nashar. Long-term impact of circumcision on health of newly married females. Zagazig University Medical Journal. 6: 1998; 839–851.
- MH El-Defrawi, G Lotfy, KF Dandash. Female genital mutilation and its psychosexual impact. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy. 27: 2001; 465–473.
- SMA Thabet, ASMA Thabet. Defective sexuality and female circumcision: the cause and the possible management. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecological Research. 29: 2003; 12–19.
- M El-Rabbat. A critical review of studies investigating the adverse effect of FGC with particular reference to type I & II prevalence in Egypt. 2003; Egyptian Fertility Care Society: Cairo.
- A El Nashar, M El-Dien, M El-Desoky. Female sexual dysfunction in Lower Egypt. BJOG. 144: 2007; 201–206.
- RC Berg, E Denison, A Fretheim. Psychological, social, and sexual consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Report No.13. 2010; Kunnskapssenteret: OsloAt: <http://www.kunnskapssenteret.no/Publikasjoner/9555.cms?language=english&threepage=1>. Accessed 15 October 2010
- Female Genital Mutilation/Female Genital Cutting: a Statistical Exploration. 2005; UNICEF: New York.
- FE Okonofua, U Larsen, F Oronsaye. The association between female genital cutting and correlates of sexual and gynaecological morbidity in Edo State, Nigeria. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 109(10): 2002; 1089–1096.
- Meston CM, Buss DM. Why Women Have Sex: Understanding Sexual Motivations from Adventure to Revenge (and Everything in Between). Times Books, 2009.