Sub-Saharan Africa and the health MDGs: the need to move beyond the “quick impact” model

References

• United Nations. United Nations Millennium Declaration. Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly. A/RES/55/2. 2000; UN: New York.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. Road map towards the implementation of the United Nations Millenium Declaration. UN General Assembly. A/56/326. 2001; UN: New York.
   Google Scholar
• J Waage, R Banerji, O Campbell. The Millennium Development Goals: a cross-sectoral analysis and principles for goal setting after 2015. Lancet. 376(9745): 2010; 991–1023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN Development Group. Making the MDGs matter: the country response. 2005; UN Development Group: New York.
   Google Scholar
• UN Millennium Project. Public Choices, Private Decisions: Sexual and Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals. 2006; Earthscan: London. At: <http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/MP_Sexual_Health_screen-final.pdf. >. Accessed 30 July 2011.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. The Millennium Developement Goal Report 2005. 2005; UN: New York. At: <http://www.un.org/summit2005/MDGBook.pdf. >. Accessed 30 July 2011.
   Google Scholar
• J Sundewall, RC Swanson, A Betigeri. Health-systems strengthening: current and future activities. Lancet. 377(9773): 2011; 1222–1223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. The Millenium Developement Goal Report 2010. 2010; UN: New York. At: <http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2010/MDG_Report_2010_En_low%20res.pdf. >. Accessed 26 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. Macroeconomics and Health/ Investing in Health for Economic Development. 2001; WHO: Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• R Brugha, G Walt. A global health fund: a leap of faith?. BMJ. 323(7305): 2001; 152–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RG Biesma, R Brugha, A Harmer. The effects of global health initiatives on country health systems: a review of the evidence from HIV/AIDS control. Health Policy and Planning. 24(4): 2009; 239–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P Travis, S Bennett, A Haines. Overcoming health systems constraints to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Lancet. 364(9437): 2004; 900–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization Maximizing Positive Synergies Collaborative Group. An assessment of interactions between global health initiatives and country health systems. Lancet. 373(9681): 2009; 2137–2169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN Millenium Project. Investing in development. A practical plan to achieve the Millenium Development Goals. Overview. 2005; Communications Developement Inc: Washington DC. At: <www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/MainReportComplete-lowres.pdf. >. Accessed 26 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• J Shiffman. A social explanation for the rise and fall of global health issues. Bulletin of World Health Organization. 87(8): 2009; 608–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G Ooms, R Hammonds, C Decoster. Global health: what it has been so far, what it should be, and what it could become. C Decoster, B Marchal, W Soors. Working Paper Series of the Studies in Health Services Organisation and Policy. 2011; ITG Press: Antwerp.
   Google Scholar
• G Yamey. Scaling up global health interventions: a proposed framework for success. PLoS Medicine. 8(6): 2011; e1001049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B Marchal, A Cavalli, G Kegels. Global health actors claim to support health system strengthening: is this reality or rhetoric?. PLoS Medicine. 6(4): 2009; e1000059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G Boussery, V Campos da Silvera, B Criel. Community of practice on the service delivery study high impact interventions. Harmonization for Health in Africa. 2011; Institute of Tropical Medicine: Antwerp.
   Google Scholar
• Y Coulibaly, A Cavalli, DM Van. Programme activities: a major burden for district health systems?. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 13(12): 2008; 1430–1432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OM Campbell, WJ Graham. Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: getting on with what works. Lancet. 368(9543): 2006; 1284–1299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G Jones, RW Steketee, RE Black. How many child deaths can we prevent this year?. Lancet. 362(9377): 2003; 65–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M Chopra, E Daviaud, R Pattinson. Saving the lives of South Africa's mothers, babies, and children: can the health system deliver?. Lancet. 374(9692): 2009; 835–846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNICEF World Bank UNFPA PNMCH UNAIDS. A Strategic Framework and Investment Case for Reaching the Health Related Millennium Development Goals in Africa by Strenghtening Primary Health Care Systems for Outcomes. 2009; UNICEF: New York.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millenium Development Goals. UN General Assembly. A/65/L.1. 2010; UN: New York.
   Google Scholar
• CJ Murray, J Frenk, T Evans. The Global Campaign for the Health MDGs: challenges, opportunities, and the imperative of shared learning. Lancet. 370(9592): 2007; 1018–1020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. The Millenium Developement Goal Report 2011. 2011; UN: New York. At: <www.un.org/millenniumgoals/11_MDG%20Report_EN.pdf. >. Accessed 30 July 2011.
   Google Scholar
• J Vandemoortele. Is Africa missing the target or are you missing the point? Presentation at IOB, University of Antwerpen, Debating development series, 10 December 2008. At: <www.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=.IOB&n=70225. >. Accessed 26 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• J Vandemoortele. Making sense of the MDGs. Development. 51: 2008; 220–227.
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. Trends in under-five mortality rates 1960–2009. At: <www.childinfo.org/mortality_ufmrcountrydata.php. >. Accessed 30 August 2011.
   Google Scholar
• ZA Bhutta, M Chopra, H Axelson. Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000–10): taking stock of maternal, newborn, and child survival. Lancet. 375(9730): 2010; 2032–2044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S Fukuda-Parr, J Greenstein. How should MDG implementation be measured: faster progress or meeting targets?. 2010; International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth: Brasilia, 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• E Zere, P Tumusiime, O Walker. Inequities in utilization of maternal health interventions in Namibia: implications for progress towards MDG 5 targets. International Journal Equity in Health. 9: 2010; 16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DR Gwatkin, A Bhuiya, CG Victora. Making health systems more equitable. Lancet. 364(9441): 2004; 1273–1280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overseas Development Institute. MDG Report Card: Measuring Progress Across Countries. 2011; ODI Publications: London.
   Google Scholar
• J Vandemoortele, E Delamonica. Taking the MDGs beyond 2015. IDS Bulletin. 41(1): 2010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics ICF Macro. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09. 2010; KNBS and ICF Macro: Calverton, MD.
   Google Scholar
• National Council for Population and Development. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 1993. 1994; NCPD, CBS, and MI: Calverton, MD.
   Google Scholar
• B Meessen, D Hercot, M Noirhomme. Removing user fees in the health sector in low-income countries: a multi-country review. 2009; UNICEF: New York.
   Google Scholar
• M El-Khoury, T Gandaho, A Arur. Improving Access to Life-saving Maternal Health Services: The Effects of Removing User Fees for Caesareans in Mali. Health Systems 20/20, editors. 2011; Abt Associates Inc: Bethesda, MD.
   Google Scholar
• Amnesty International. Giving Birth, Risking Death: Maternal Mortality in Burkina Faso. 2009; Amnesty International: London.
   Google Scholar
• Ministère de la Santé. Tableau de bord santé 2009. Direction générale de l'information et des statistiques sanitaires, editor. 2010; Ministère de la Santé du Burkina Faso: Ouagadougou.
   Google Scholar
• Ridde V, Richard F, Bicaba A, et al. The national subsidy for deliveries and emergency obstetric care in Burkina Faso. Health Policy and Planning 2011. (In press)
   Google Scholar
• Guinée Direct. Santé: Gratuité de la césarienne en Guinée, entre mythes et réalités. 27 Mai 2011. At: <www.guineedirect.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2135%3Asante-gratuite-de-la-cesarienne-en-guinee-entre-mythes-et-realites&catid=293%3Apolitique&Itemid=400. >. Accessed 28 July 2011.
   Google Scholar
• N Gerein, A Green, S Pearson. The implications of shortages of health professionals for maternal health in sub-saharan Africa. Reproductive Health Matters. 14(27): 2006; 40–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LS Thomas, R Jina, KS Tint. Making systems work: the hard part of improving maternal health services in South Africa. Reproductive Health Matters. 15(30): 2007; 38–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F Richard, S Witter, V De Brouwere. Innovative approaches to reducing financial barriers to obstetric care in low-income countries. American Journal of Public Health. 100(10): 2010; 1845–1852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. 2008; WHO: Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• Ministère de la Santé. Guide national de mise en oeuvre intégrée des interventions à gain rapide. 2009; Ministère de la Santé du Burkina Faso: Ouagadougou.
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. AIDS at 30, Nations at the crossroads. 2011; UNAIDS: Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• D Sontag. Early test for US on its gobal fight on AIDS. New York Times. 14 July 2004. At: <www.nytimes.com/2004/07/14/world/early-tests-for-us-in-its-global-fight-on-aids.html. >. Accessed 26 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• DW Van, M Pirard, Y Assefa. How can disease control programs contribute to health systems strengthening in sub-Saharan Africa?. C Decoster, B Marchal, W Soors. Working Paper Series of the Studies in Health Services Organisation and Policy. 2011; ITG Press: Antwerp.
   Google Scholar
• J Rohde, S Cousens, M Chopra. 30 years after Alma-Ata: has primary health care worked in countries?. Lancet. 372(9642): 2008; 950–961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization, UNICEF. Countdown to 2015 Decade Report (2000-2010): taking stock of maternal, newborn and child survival. 2010; WHO, UNICEF: Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Research and development coordination and financing: report of the expert working group. 2010; WHO: Geneva. At: <www.who.int/phi/documents/RDFinancingwithISBN.pdf. >. Accessed 30 July 2011.
   Google Scholar
• L Penn-Kekana, B McPake. Improving maternal health: getting what works to happen. Reproductive Health Matters. 15(30): 2007; 28–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aidspan. Global Fund board approves two health systems funding platform projects. 4-5-2010. At: <www.aidspan.org/index.php?issue=122&article=6. >. Accessed 26 April 2011.
   Google Scholar
• PS Hill, P Vermeiren, K Miti. The Health Systems Funding Platform: is this where we thought we were going?. Global Health. 7: 2011; 16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gender equity is the key to maternal and child health [Editorial]. Lancet. 375: 2010; 1939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health Insurance Authority. The road to Ghana's health care financing. 2011.
   Google Scholar
• G Ooms. The new dichotomy in health systems strengthening and the role of global health initiatives: what can we learn from Ethiopia?. Journal of Public Health Policy. 31: 2010; 100–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Hayman. Milking the Cow: Negotiating Ownership of Aid and Policy in Rwanda. Global Economic Governance Working Paper 2007/26. 2007; University College: Oxford. At: <www.globaleconomicgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/hayman_rwanda_2007-261.pdf. >. Accessed 30 July 2011.
   Google Scholar
• J Donnelly. Ethiopia gears up for more major health reforms. Lancet. 377(9781): 2011; 1907–1908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Wisman, J Heller, P Clark. A blueprint for country-driven development. Lancet. 377(9781): 2011; 1902–1903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZA Bhutta, S Ali, S Cousens. Alma-Ata: rebirth and revision. 6 interventions to address maternal, newborn, and child survival: what difference can integrated primary health care strategies make?. Lancet. 72(9642): 2008; 972–989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J Riley. Low income, social growth, and good health. 2008; University of California Press: Berkeley.
   Google Scholar