Population policy, son preference and the use of IUDs in North Vietnam

References

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• During the period 1980–1984, IUDs used in Vietnam were mainly the plastic devices ‘Dana’ and ‘Happiness’. The TCu200 and TCu220 were introduced in Thai Binh in 1987 and replaced in the early 1990s by the TCu 380A. The two-child policy began to be promoted in 1980–1985, but without financial or other disincentives. The period 1985–1989 was characterised by increasingly strict enforcement of a two-child norm, using incentives and fines. This policy was further reinforced in the early 1990s through even higher fines for those who exceeded two children (see [5] for details of fines in two Thai Binh communes). Thus, from 1980 to 1993, there has been a change towards both better quality IUDs and increasing political pressure to comply with the two-child policy.
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