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Reproductive Health Matters
An international journal on sexual and reproductive health and rights
Volume 7, 1999 - Issue 13: Living without children
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Original Articles

The practice of female circumcision among Muslims in Kelantan, Malaysia

Ab.Rahman Isa
,
Rashidah ShuibSchool of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.Correspondence[email protected]
&
M.Shukri Othman
Pages 137-144 | Published online: 01 May 1999

References

  • Female Genital Mutilation. 4th ed., WHO/FRH/WHD/96.26. 1996; WHO: Geneva.
  • N. Toubia. Female Genital Mutilation: A Call for Global Action. 1993; Women Ink: New York.
  • Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview. 1998; WHO: Geneva.
  • E. Dorkenoo. Cutting the Rose. 1994; Minority Rights Group: London.
  • F.P. Hosken. The Hosken Report. Genital and Sexual Mutilation of Females. 4th ed., Women’s International Network News. 1993
  • R. Omar. The Malay Woman in The Body. 1994; Penerhit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd: Kuala Lumpur.
  • Report of a WHO Technical Working Group, Geneva, 17–19 July 1995. 1996; WHO: Geneva.
  • C. Lederman. Wives and Midwives: Childbirth and Nutrition in Rural Malaysia. 1983; University of California Press: Los Angeles.
  • H. Rushwan. Female Circumcision. 1995; World Health. 16–17. September.
  • G.I. Abd el Salam. Female Genital Mutilation in Arab Countries. 1994. Cairo.
  • Minutes ofthe meeting of the working group on female circumcision practice in Malaysia. 25 February 1994; Asia-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women: Kuala Lumpur.
  • General Report ofthe Population Census. Volume 1: 1992; Department of Statistics: Kuala Lumpur.
  • Customary practice or adat means a practice which has been established for many generations: … representing the formal and conscious beliefs of the Malays, from which we can trace the cultural and social production of ideas and relation in the wider society. Noraini Abdullah, 1984. Gender Ideology and the Public Lives of Malay Women in Peninsular Malaysia, PhD Thesis, University of Washington (unpublished).
  • I.A.S. Ghanim. Female Genital Mutilation in Arab Countries. 1994. 14 El Shahad St, Heliopolis, Cairo.
  • S. Sayid. Fiqih Sunnah. 1981. Malay translation by Mahyuddin Syaf, PT AI-Ma’arif, Bandung, Indonesia, 57, 4th reprint.

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