References
- C. Harrington. Politicization of sexual violence: From abolitionism to peacekeeping. 2010; Ashgate Publishing: Farnham. http://pas.sagepub.com/content/37/1/75.short.
- L. Shepherd. Gender, Violence & Security. 2008; Zed Books: London.
- L. Stemple. Male rape and human rights. Hastings Law Journal. 60: 2008; 605–647. http://scienceblogs.de/geograffitico/wp-content/blogs.dir/70/files/2012/07/i-e76e350f9e3d50b6ce07403e0a3d35fe-Stemple_60-HLJ-605.pdf.
- Geneva Centre for Democratic Control of Armed Forces, Bastick et al. http://www.dcaf.ch/Publications/Sexual-Violence-in-Armed-Conflict. 2007
- É. Féron. Suffering in Silence? The Silencing of Sexual Violence Against Men in War Torn Countries. World Suffering and Quality of Life. 2015; Springer: Amsterdam, 31–44.
- K. Johnson. Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Jama. 304(5): 2010; 553–562.
- A. Wirtz, K. Pham, N. Glass, C. Dolan, O. Ongwech, L. Rubenstein, A. Vu. Sexual violence, HIV risk and prevention among male refugees in Ugandan settlements. Poster presented at the 20th International Aids Conference, Melbourne Australia. 2014. http://pag.aids2014.org/Abstracts.aspx?AID=4431.
- M. Nagai. Violence against refugees, non-refugees and host populations in southern Sudan and northern Uganda. Global Public Health. 3(3): 2008; 249–270.
- UN Security Council UN Commission of Experts, S/1994/674. http://www.icty.org/x/file/About/OTP/un_commission_of_experts_report1994_en.pdf, 27 May. 1994
- D. Donnelly, K. S.. “Honey, We Don’t Do Men”. Gender Stereotypes and the Provision of Services to Sexually Assaulted Males. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 11(3): 1996; 441–448. http://jiv.sagepub.com/content/11/3/441.short.
- S. Solangon, P. Patel. Sexual violence against men in countries affected by armed conflict. Conflict, Security & Development. 12(4): 2012; 417–442. 10.1080/14678802.2012.724794#.Vj9eY3ubNPM.
- K. Chapleau, D. Oswald, B. Russell. Male rape myths: The role of gender, violence, and sexism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2008. http://jiv.sagepub.com/content/early/2008/02/07/0886260507313529.short.
- M. Loncar, N. Henigsberg, P. Hrabac. Mental Health Consequences in Men Exposed to Sexual Abuse During the War in Croatia and Bosnia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 24: 2009; 191–203. http://jiv.sagepub.com/content/25/2/191.
- D. Weishut. Sexual torture of Palestinian men by Israeli authorities. Reproductive Health Matters. 23(46): 2015; 71–84.
- P. Oosterhoff, P. Zwanikken, E. Ketting. Sexual torture of men in Croatia and other conflict situations: an open secret. Reproductive Health Matters. 12(23): 2004; 68–77. http://www.rhm-elsevier.com/article/S0968-8080%2804%2923115-9/abstract.
- E. Monk-Turner, D. Light. Male sexual assault and rape: who seeks counseling?. Sexual abuse: a journal of research and treatment. 22(3): 2010; 255–265.
- United Nations Security Council. http://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/key-documents/reports/, 14 March. 2013
- United Nations Peacekeeping. Women, Peace and Security. http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/issues/women/wps.shtml
- UN News Centre. UN forum highlights plights of male victims of sexual violence in conflict. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45532#.VjDbMqKGsbs, 30 July. 2013
- UN Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General on Sexual Violence in Conflict. Report workshop Sexual Violence against Men and Boys in Conflict Situations. 2013. http://www.slideshare.net/osrsgsvc.
- UNHCR. Working with Men and Boy Survivors of Sexual and Gender-based Violence in Forced Displacement. 2012. http://www.refworld.org/docid/5006aa262.html.
- Inter-Agency Standing Committee. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Actions. http://www.interaction.org/document/iasc-gbv-guidlines. 2015
- UNFPA. Managing Gender-based Violence Programmes in Emergencies. E-learning companion guide. http://www.unfpa.org/publications/managing-gender-based-violence-programmes-emergencies. 2012
- Global Protection Cluster. GBV AoR Handbook for Coordinating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings. http://cpwg.net/resources/gbv-aor-handbook-for-coordinating-gender-based-violence-interventions-in-humanitarian-settings-2/. 2013
- C. Dolan. Letting go of the gender binary: Charting new pathways for humanitarian interventions on gender-based violence. International Review of the Red Cross. 96: 2014; 485–501. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9912110&fileId=S1816383115000120.
- United Nations Stop Rape Now UN ACTION website. http://www.stoprapenow.org/
- UN Security Council. Conflict related sexual violence. Report of the Secretary General. 23 March. 2015. http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2015_203.pdf.
- R. Grey, L. Shepherd. “Stop Rape Now?” Masculinity, Responsibility, and Conflict-related Sexual Violence. Men and Masculinities. 16(1): 2013; 115–135. http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/16/1/115.abstract.
- National strategy to combat sexual violence Cote d’Ivoire. http://stoprapenow.org/uploads/docs/CDI_-_Exec_Summary_English.pdf. 2009
- Comprehensive strategy on combatting sexual violence in DRC. http://stoprapenow.org/uploads/features/CSonDRCforweb.pdf. 2009
- For an example of this argument being used see: Goetz A. Stopping sexual violence in conflict: gender politics in foreign policy. 2014; OpenDemocracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/anne-marie-goetz/stopping-sexual-violence-in-conflict-gender-politics-in-foreign-policy.
- A. Peterman, D. Cohen. Rape reporting during war. Why the numbers don’t mean what you think they do. August. 2011; Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2011-08-01/rape-reporting-during-war?page=show.
- P. Kirby. Ending sexual violence in conflict: the Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative and its critics. International Affairs. 91(3): 2015; 457–472. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2346.12283/abstract.
- C. Lewis. Systemic Silencing: Addressing Sexual Violence against Men and Boys in Armed Conflict and its Aftermath. Rethinking Peacekeeping, Gender Equality and Collective Security. 2014; 203. http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/view/10.1057/9781137400215.0021.
- C. Cohen. Male Rape is a Feminist Issue. 2014; Palgrave Macmillan UK.
- Vojdik V. Sexual Violence Against Men and Women in War: A Masculinities Approach. Nevada Law Journal (Research Paper No 217). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2271222
- V. Oosterveld. The Gender Jurisprudence of the Special Court for Sierra Leone: Progress in the Revolutionary United Front Judgments. Cornell International Law Journal. 44(1): 2011; 49–74. http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/ILJ/upload/Oosterveld-final.pdf.
- This includes the following case: ICTY, Tadic (IT-94-1). http://www.icty.org/case/tadic/4 ICTY. Du (Ko Tadi) (IT-94-1-A). http://www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/acjug/en/tad-aj990715e.pdf. ICTY Celebici (IT-96-21). http://www.icty.org/case/mucic/4. ICTY. Todorovic (IT-95-9/1). http://www.icty.org/case/todorovic/4. ICTY. Stakic (IT-97-24). http://www.icty.org/case/stakic/4. ICTY Cesic (IT-95-10/1). http://www.icty.org/case/cesic/4. ICTR Niyitegeka (ICTR-96-14-T). https://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/ICTR/NIYITEGEKA_ICTR-96-14/NIYITEGEKA_ICTR-96-14-T.html. SCSL RUF Trial. http://www.rscsl.org/RUF.html. ICC Bemba (ICC-01/05-01/08). https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200105/related%20cases/icc%200105%200108/Pages/case%20the%20prosecutor%20v%20jean-pierre%20bemba%20gombo.aspx. ICC Mbarushimana (ICC-01/04-01/10. https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200104/related%20cases/icc01040110/Pages/icc01040110.aspx
- Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (last amended 2010). Article 7(1)(g), Article 8(2)(b)(xii), Article 8(2)(e)(vi). http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3a84.html, 17 July. 1998
- International Criminal Court. Elements of Crimes. http://refworld.org/docid/4ff5dd7d2.html. 2011
- V. Oosterveld. The Gender Jurisprudence of the Special Court for Sierra Leone: Progress in the Revolutionary United Front Judgments. Cornell International Law Journal. 44(1): 2011; 49–74. http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/ILJ/upload/Oosterveld-final.pdf.
- S. Sivakumaran. Lost In Translation: UN Responses to Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in Situations of Armed Conflict. International Review of the Red Cross. vol. 92: 2010; ICTY. 259–276. https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/irrc-877-sivakumaran.pdf, citing Prosecutor v Todorovic, Judgment, IT-95-9/1, 31 July 2007, ICTY, Prosecutor v Stakic, Judgment, IT-97-24-A, 22 March 2006, ICTY, Prosecutor v Cesic, Judgment, IT-95-10/1-S, 11 March 2003.
- S. Sivakumaran. Lost In Translation: UN Responses to Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in Situations of Armed Conflict. International Review of the Red Cross. 92: 2010; 259–276. https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/irrc-877-sivakumaran.pdf.
- V. Oosterveld. Sexual Violence Directed Against Men and Boys in Armed Conflict or Mass Atrocity: Addressing a Gendered Harm in International Criminal Tribunals. Journal of International Law and International Relations. 10: 2014; 107–128. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jilwirl10&div=10&id=&page, citing Prosecutor v Simic, Judgment, IT-95-9-T, 17 October 2003, para. 278.
- S. Sivakumaran. Lost In Translation: UN Responses to Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in Situations of Armed Conflict. International Review of the Red Cross. 92: 2010; 259–276. https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/irrc-877-sivakumaran.pdf, citing SCSL, Prosecutor v Sesay et al, Judgment, SCSL-04-15-T, 2 March 2009, paras 146, 1205, 1207, 1208, 1303, 1308.
- L. Shepherd. Gender matters in global politics: a feminist introduction to international relations. 2015; Routledge: New York. http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781134752522_sample_645870.pdf, which cites ICC, Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Prosecution’s Closing Brief, 1 June 2011, paragraph 479. https://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1123809.pdf.
- ICC Women. ICC Judges uphold conviction of Lubanga. http://www.iccwomen.org/documents/First-conviction-and-sentence-upheld-on-appeal-at-the-ICC-REVISED-April-2015.pdf, 1 December. 2014
- V. Oosterveld. Sexual Violence Directed Against Men and Boys in Armed Conflict or Mass Atrocity: Addressing a Gendered Harm in International Criminal Tribunals. Journal of International Law and International Relations. 10: 2014; 107–128.http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jilwirl10&div=10&id=&page. ICC Prosecutor v Francis Kirimi Muthuara, Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta and Mohammed Hussein Ali, Decision on the Confirmation of the Charges. 23 January. 2012. paragraphs 260, 262, 266https://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1314543.pdf
- ICC. the Office of the Prosecutor. Policy Paper on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes. https://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/OTP-Policy-Paper-on-Sexual-and-Gender-Based-Crimes--June-2014.pdf. 2014
- D. de Vos. Historic Day for the ICC. https://me.eui.eu/dieneke-de-vos/blog/historic-day-for-the-icc-first-command-responsibility-and-sexual-violence-conviction/, 20 March. 2016
- Yahoo News. ICC passes judgment ex-Congolese Vice-President Bemba. https://www.yahoo.com/news/icc-pass-judgment-ex-congolese-vice-president-bemba-104651936.html?ref=gs This link was included as the final judgment has not been uploaded yet at the time of writing. The judgment will become available on the ICC website: https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200105/related%20cases/icc%200105%200108/Pages/case%20the%20prosecutor%20v%20jean-pierre%20bemba%20gombo.aspx
- ICC. The Prosecutor v Bosco Ntaganda, Decision on the Charges. 9 June. 2014. paragraphs 49-52http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1783301.pdf