References
- American Psychological Association. (1998). Hate crimes today: An age-old foe in modern dress. Retrieved November 8, 2001 from http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/hate.
- Anti-Defamation League. (1994). Hate crimes laws: A comprehensive guide. New York, NY: Anti-Defamation League. Community Relations Service. (2001). Hate crime: The violance of intolerance. U.S. Department of Justice. Hate Crimes Bulletin, 1–12. Retrieved April 5, 2001 from http://www.usdoj.gov/crs/pubs/htecrm.htm.
- Bishop, E., & Slowikowski, J. (1995). Hate crimes. National Criminal Justice Reference Service homepage. Retrieved August 20, 2001 from http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/fs-9529.txt.
- Bureau of Justice Assistance. (1997). A policymaker’s guide to hate crimes. National Criminal Justice Reference Service homepage. Retrieved August 24, 2001 from http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/bja/162304.pdf.
- Community Relations Service. (2001). Hate crime: The violence of intolerance. U.S. Department of Justice. Hate Crime Bulletin, 1–13.
- Green, D. P. (1997). Causes of hate: Economics versus demographics. APA Public Policy Office. Retrieved August 7, 2001 from http://www.apa.org/ppo/issues/pgreen.html.
- Herek, G., & Berrill, K. (1992). Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
- Human Rights Campaign. (2002). Human Rights Campaign: Working for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender equal rights. Retrieved April 20, 2002 from http://www.hrc.org.
- Levin, B. (1993). Bias crimes: A theoretical and practical overview. Stanford Law & Policy Review, 4, 165–181
- Levin, J., & McDevitt, J. (1993). Hate crimes: The rising tide of bigotry and bloodshed. New York: Plenum Press.
- McLaughlin, K. A., Malloy, S., Brilliant, K., & Lang, C. (2000). Responding to hate crime: A multidisciplinary curriculum for law enforcement and victim assistance professionals. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.
- Mjoseth, J. (1998). Psychologists call for assault on hate crimes. American Psychological Association, 29(1).
- National Criminal Justice Reference Service. (1997). Justice department offers guidance on preventing hate crimes. National Criminal Justice Reference Service homepage. Retrieved August 3, 2001 from http://www.ncjrs.org/ojj97105.htm.
- Office for Victims of Crime. (2001). Resources for responding to hate crimes. Office for Victims of Crime, U.S. Department of Justice homepage. Retrieved August 10, 2001 from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/help/hbcfts.htm.
- U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2001). GSP. Regional accounts data. Retrieved July 26, 2001 from http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/regional/gsp/action.cfm.
- U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2000). Full-time law enforcement employees as of October 31, 1999. Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2001). Over-the-year change in unemployment rates for states. Local area unemployment statistics. Retrieved July 26, 2001 from http://stats.bls.gov/laus/lausastch.htm.
- U.S. Census Bureau. (2000). Population estimates for states by race and Hispanic origin: July 1, 1999. Statistical abstract of the United States. Retrieved August 10, 2001 from http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/srh/srhus99.txt.
- U.S. Department of Education & U.S. Department of Justice. (1998). Preventing youth hate crime: A manual for schools and communities. Washington, DC: Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program, U.S. Department of Education.
- U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). (1999). Number of agencies reporting hate crime incidents. Hate crime statistics. Retrieved July 11, 2001 from http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hate99.pdf.
Further reading
Websites relevant to bias crime
- Anti-Defamation League, http://www.adl.org.
- Center on Juvenile & Criminal Justice, http://www.cjcj.org.
- Hate Watch, http://www.hatewatch.org.
- International Association of Chief of Police, http://www.theiacp.org.
- Justice Research and Statistics Association, http://www.jrsa.org/index.html.
- Leadership Conference Education Fund, http://www.civilrights.org/lcef.
- National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, http://www.edc.org/hhd/hatecrime/id5.htm.
- National Center for Victims of Crime, http://www.ncvc.org.
- National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Justice Information Center, http://www.ncjrs.org.
- National Institute of Justice, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij.
- National Organization for Victim Assistance, http://www.try-nova.org.
- Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org.
- Office for Victims of Crime, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc.
- Southern Poverty Law Center, http://www.splcenter.org.
- Stop the Hate, http://www.stopthehate.org.
- U.S. Department of Education: Office for Civil Rights, http://www.ed.gov/offices/ocr; Safe & Drug-Free Schools Program, http://www.ed.gov/offices/oese/sdfs.
- U.S. Department of Justice: Bureau of Justice Assistance, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bja; Civil Rights Division, http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/crt-home.html; Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports, http://www.fbi.org/ucr.htm.