Working poverty in Michigan, 1998/1999 and 2007/2008: Changes in the magnitudes and policy and socio-demographic determinantsFootnote

The author acknowledges a grant from the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI, which, in part, made this research possible.

References

• D.AcemogluChanges in unemployment and wage inequality: An alternative theory and some evidenceD.CohenT.PikettyG.Saint-PaulThe economics of rising inequalities2002Oxford University PressNew York, NY75101
   Google Scholar
• R.AlbeldaWomen and poverty: Beyond earnings and welfareThe Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance391999723742
   Google Scholar
• L.BarringtonDoes a rising tide lift all boats? America's full-time working poor reap limited gains in the new economy2000The Conference BoardNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• T.BartikThinking about local living wage requirementsUrban Affairs Review4022004269299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.BlankH.ShierholzExploring gender differences in employment and wage trends among less-skilled workersR.BlankS.DanzigerR.SchoeniWorking and poor: How economic ad policy changes are affecting low-wage workers2006Russell Sage FoundationNew Work, NY2358
   Google Scholar
• R.BlankS.DanzigerR.SchoeniWork and poverty during the past quarter centuryR.BlankWorking and poor: How economic ad policy changes are affecting low-wage workers2006Russell Sage FoundationNew Work, NY120
   Google Scholar
• Blank, R., Card, D., & Robins, P. (1999). Financial incentives for increasing work and income among low-income families. NBER Working Paper # 6998.
   Google Scholar
• R.BlankPresidential address: How to improve poverty measurement in the United States?Journal of Policy Analysis and Management2722008233254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.BorjasWage trends among disadvantaged minoritiesR.Blankal.etWorking and poor: How economic ad policy changes are affecting low-wage workers2006Russell Sage FoundationNew Work, NY5986
   Google Scholar
• C.CitroR.MichaelMeasuring poverty: A new approach1995National Academy PressWashington, DC
   Google Scholar
• Cody, S., Schirm, A., Stuart, E., Castner, L., & Zaslavsky, A. (2008). Sources of variation in state-level food stamp participation rates. E-FAN Report, Economic Research Service, USDA.
   Google Scholar
• D.CormierC.CraypoThe working poor and the working of American labor marketsCambridge Journal of Economics242000691708
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.DanzigerM.CorcoranS.DanzigerC.HeflinWork, income, and material hardship after welfare reformJournal of Consumer Affairs3412000630
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SDanzigerP.GottschalkAmerica unequal1995Russell Sage FoundationNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• S.DanzigerP.GottschalkDiverging fortunes: Trends in poverty and inequalityR.FarleyJ.HaagaThe American people: Census 20002005Russell Sage FoundationNew York, NY4975
   Google Scholar
• B.DaponteS.SandersL.TaylorWhy do low income households not use food stamps? Evidence from an experimentJournal of Human Resources3431999612628
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.DuncanIncentives and the work decisions of welfare recipients: Evidence from the panel survey of income dynamics, 1981–1988American Journal of Economics and Sociology5932000433449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.EdinL.LeinMaking ends meet: How single mothers survive welfare and low-wage work1997Russell SageNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• B.EhrenreichNickel and Dimed: On (not) getting by in America2001Metropolitan BooksNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• J.GalbraithCreated unequal: The crisis in American pay1998Free PressNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• D.GleicherL.StevensA comprehensive profile of the working poorLabour1932005517529
   Google Scholar
• H.GlennersterUnited States poverty studies and poverty measurement: The past twenty-five yearsSocial Service Review761200283107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.HallThe macroeconomy and determinants of the earnines of less-skilled workersR.Blankal.etWorking and poor: How economic ad policy changes are affecting low-wage workers2006Russell Sage FoundationNew York, NY89112
   Google Scholar
• A.HarveyA.MukhopadhyayWhen twenty four hours is not enough: Time poverty of working parentsSocial Indicators Research8520065777
   Google Scholar
• K.HassettA.MooreHow do tax policies affect low-income workers?R.Blankal.etWorking and poor: How economic and policy changes are affecting low-wage workers2006Russell Sage FoundationNew York, NY265288
   Google Scholar
• S.HoffmanL.SeidmanHelping working families: The earned income tax credit2003Upjohn Institute for Employment and ResearchKalamazoo, MI
   Google Scholar
• J.IcelandWhy poverty remains high: The role of income growth, economic inequality, and changes in family structure, 1949–1999Demography4032003499519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.IcelandJ.KimPoverty among working families: New insights from an improved poverty measureSocial Science Quarterly8222001253267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.Joassart-MarcelliWorking poverty in Southern California: Towards an operational measureSocial Science Research3420052043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.KopczukC.Pop-ElechesElectronic filing, tax preparers and participation in the Earned Income Tax CreditJournal of Public Economics917–8200713511367
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LMeadThe new politics of poverty1992Harper Collins PublishersNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• B.MeyerD.RosenbaumWelfare, the earned income tax credit, and the labor supply of single mothersQuarterly Journal of Economics1163200110631114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.MoffittIncentive effects of the U.S. Welfare System: A reviewJournal of Economic Literature3011992161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffitt, R. (2002). Welfare programs and labor supply. NBER Working Paper # 9168.
   Google Scholar
• C.MurrayThe underclass revisited1999The American Enterprise Institute PressWashington, DC
   Google Scholar
• NCSL. (2009). State Health Programs to Cover the Uninsured. National Conference of State Legislatures (updated July 2009) http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx%3Ftabid=13878 Accessed 25.08.2009.
   Google Scholar
• K.NewmanM.ChinHigh stakes: Time poverty, testing, and the children of the working poorQualitative Sociology2612003334
   Google Scholar
• W.QuigleyEnding poverty as we know it: Guaranteeing a right to a job at a living wage2003Temple University PressPhiladelphia
   Google Scholar
• I.SawhillThe behavioral aspects of povertyPublic Interest15320037993
   Google Scholar
• J.SchwartzFrom the war on poverty to welfare reform: How the American understanding of the causes of poverty changedEconomic Affairs27320072431
   Google Scholar
• D.ShiplerThe working poor: Invisible in America2004Alfred A. KnoffNew York
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau. (2004). Current Population Survey (CPS)—definitions and explanations. (http://www.census.gov/population/www/cps/cpsdef.html).
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau. (2008). Detailed poverty tabulations. (http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty).
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau. (2009). The statistical abstract of the United States. Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Labor. (2000). A profile of the working poor, 1998. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Labor. (2007). A profile of the working poor, 2005. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Labor. (2008). Wage and hours division website. (http://www.dol.gov/esa/whd/flsa/).
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Labor. (2009). Bureau of labor statistics online database. (http://www.bls.gov/data/).
   Google Scholar
• US DHHS. (2007). Indicators of welfare dependence: Annual report to congress. US Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• U.WagleCapability and income poverty in the United States: A comparative analysis of the measurement outcomes and poverty profiles between 1994 and 2004Social Indicators Research9432009509533
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.WagleMultidimensional poverty: An alternative measurement approach for the United States?Social Science Research3722008559580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.WagleMultidimensional poverty measurement: Concepts and applications2008SpringerNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• J.WaltmanThe case for the living wage2004Algora PublishingNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• W.WilsonWhen work disappears: The world of the new urban poor1996Alfred A. KnopfNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• D.ZuberiDifferences that matter: Social policy and the working poor in the United States and Canada2006ILR PressIthaca, NY
   Google Scholar