The differential gender effect of internalized racism on abdominal obesity in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

References

• S.L.AverettLabor market consequences: Employment, wages, disability, and absenteeismJ.CrawleyThe Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity2011Oxford University PressNew York531552
   Google Scholar
• P.BjorntorpThe association between obesity, adipose tissue distribution and diseaseActa Medica Scandinavica222S723198712113410.1111/j.0954-6820.1987
   Google Scholar
• P.BjorntorpVisceral fat accumulation: The missing link between psychosocial factors and cardiovascular disease?Journal of Internal Medicine230199119520110.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00431.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.BjorntorpHeart and soul: Stress and the metabolic syndromeScandinavian Cardiovascular Journal3200117217710.1080/140174301750305045
   Google Scholar
• C.BouchardG.BrayV.HubbardBasic and clinical aspects of regional fat distributionAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition521990946950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.A.BrayMedical consequences of obesityJournal of Clinical Epidemiology and Metabolism8920042583258910.1210/jc.2004-0535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.BrownCritical race theory speaks to the sociology of mental health: Mental health problems produced by racial stratificationJournal of Health and Social Behavior442003292301 Article Stable. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1519780
   Google Scholar
• C.ButlerE.S.TullE.C.ChambersJ.TaylorInternalized racism, body fat distribution, and abnormal fasting glucose among African-Caribbean women in Dominica, West IndiesJournal of the National Medical Association942002143148 PMCID: PMC2594102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.T.CarterPatterns of angerPsychoanalytic Study of the Child212007172192
   Google Scholar
• E.C.ChambersE.S.TullH.FraserN.MutuhuN.SobersE.NilesThe relationship of internalized racism to body fat distribution and insulin resistance among African adolescent youthJournal of the National Medical Association96200415941598 PMCID: PMC2568670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.ChourbajiC.ZacherC.Sanchis-SeguraC.DormannB.VollmayrP.GassLearned helplessness: Validity and reliability of depressive-like states in miceBrain Research Protocols162005707810.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• K.O.CokleyRacial(ized) identity, ethnic identity, and afrocentric values: Conceptual and methodological challenges in understanding African American identityJournal of Counseling Psychology52200551752610.1037/0022-0167.52.4.517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A.CortE.S.TullK.GwebuP.DlaminiE.PinkeyE.GrambyEducation and internalized racism in socio-political context: Zimbabwe and SwazilandThe Social Science Journal46200964465510.1016/j.soscij.2009.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.C.CozierL.A.WiseJ.R.PalmerL.RosenbergPerceived racism in relation to weight change in the Black Women's Health StudyAnnals of Epidemiology19200937938710.1016/j.annepidem.2009.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.W.DresslerThe stress process in a Southern Black community: Implications for prevention researchHuman Organization461987211220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.L.DionThe social psychology of perceived prejudice and discriminationCanadian Psychology43200111010.1037/h0086899
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.EsteghamatiA.MortezaO.KhalilzadehS.NoshadL.NovinM.NakhjavaniAssociation of serum cortisol levels with parameters of metabolic syndrome in men and womenClinical and Investigative Medicine3432011E131E137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.FinkelsteinH.YangObesity and medical costsJ.CrawleyThe Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity2011Oxford University PressNew York495501
   Google Scholar
• K.M.FlegalM.D.CarrollL.C.OgdenL.R.CurtinPrevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008JAMA13201010.1001/jama.2009.2014
   Google Scholar
• R.F.GillumTrends in cardiovascular diseases: An overview of evolving disparitiesI.L.LivingstonPraeger Handbook of Black American health: Policies and issues behind disparities in health.2004PraegerLondon
   Google Scholar
• J.HarrellS.HallJ.TaliaferroPhysiological responses to racism and discrimination: An assessment of the evidenceAmerican Journal of Public Health93200324324810.2105/AJPH.93.2.243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.HimesThe demography of obesityJ.CrawleyThe Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity2011Oxford University PressNew York3547
   Google Scholar
• C.Hipolito-DelgadoExploring the etiology of ethnic self-hatred: Internalized racism in Chicana/o and Latina/o college studentsJournal of College Student Development51201031933110.1353/csd.0.0133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.JamesJ.LeverThe second republic: Race, inequality and democracy in South AfricaBeyond Racism: Embracing an interdependent future2000Southern Education FoundationAtlanta, GA4359
   Google Scholar
• S.KalmijnJ.CurbB.RodriguezK.YanoR.AbbottThe association of body weight and anthropometry with mortality in elderly men: The Honolulu Heart ProgramInternational Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders23199939540210.1038/sj.ijo.0800832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.KatzmarzykG.BrayF.GreenwayW.JohnsonR.NewtonE.RavussinRacial differences in abdominal depot-specific adiposity in white and African American adultsAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition91201071510.3945/ajcn.2009.28136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.KleinD.B.AllisonS.B.HeymsfieldD.E.KelleyR.L.LeibelC.NonasWaist circumference and cardiometabolic risk: A consensus statement from Shaping America's Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention; NAASO, The Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes AssociationAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition8520071197120210.1038/oby.2007.632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.S.KrugerC.S.VenterH.H.VorsterObesity in African women in the North West Province, South Africa is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases: The THUSA studyBritish Journal of Nutrition86200173374010.1079/BJN2001469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.KudielkaC.KirschbaumSex differences in HPA axis responses to stress: A reviewBiological Psychology69200511313210.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.K.KumanyikaEnvironmental influences on childhood obesity: Ethnic and cultural influences in contextPhysiology and Behavior942008617010.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I.L.LivingstonJ.J.CarterT.McCarthyS.LivingstonThe social epidemiology of coronary heart disease in African AmericansI.L.LivingstonPraeger handbook of Black American health: Policies and issues behind disparities in health2004PraegerLondon1941
   Google Scholar
• T.LohmanA.RocheR.MartorellAnthropometric Standardization Reference Manual1988Human KineticsChampaign, IL
   Google Scholar
• L.McLarenSocioeconomic status and obesityJ.CrawleyThe Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity2011Oxford University PressNew York276288
   Google Scholar
• W.MollentzeA.MooreA.SteynG.JoubertK.SteynG.OosthuizenCoronary heart disease risk factors in a rural and urban Orange Free State black populationSouth African Medical Journal8519959096 PMID: 7597541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.MustE.Whitney-EvansThe Epidemiology of obesityJ.CrawleyThe Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity2011Oxford University PressNew York3547
   Google Scholar
• N.NakanishiT.TakatorigeH.FukundaK.ShairaiW.LiM.OlomotoComponents of the metabolic syndrome as predictors of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese menDiabetes Research and Clinical Practice642004597010.1016/j.diabres.2003.10.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.PischonH.BoeingK.HoffmannGeneral and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in EuropeNew England Journal of Medicine35920082105212010.1056/NEJMoa0801891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.PuoaneK.SteynD.BradshawR.LaubscherJ.FourieV.LambertObesity in South Africa: The South African Demographic and Health SurveyObesity Research1020021038104810.1038/oby.2002.141
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• G.PrinceR.UauyE.BreezeC.BulpittA.FletcherWeight, shape, and mortality risk in older persons: Elevated waist-hip ratio, not high body mass index, is associated with greater risk of deathAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition842006449460 PMID: http://pmid:16895897
   Google Scholar
• R.PuhlThe consequences of obesity: Bias, stigma, and discriminationJ.CrawleyThe Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity2011Oxford University PressNew York553571
   Google Scholar
• Q.QiaoR.NyamdorjIs the association of type 2 diabetes with waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio stronger than that with body mass index?European Journal of Clinical Nutrition642010303410.1038/ejcn.2009.93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.SatcherForewordI.L.LivingstonPraeger handbook of Black American health: Policies and issues behind disparities in health2004PraegerLondon
   Google Scholar
• M.E.R.SeligmanHelplessness: On depression, development, and death1975W.H. Freeman and CompanyNew York
   Google Scholar
• M.SnijderR.Van DamM.VisserJ.SeidellWhat aspects of body fat are particularly hazardous and how do we measure them?International Journal of Epidemiology352006839210.1093/ije/dyi253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.SpeightInternalized racism: One more piece of the puzzleThe Counseling Psychologist35200712613410.1177/0011000006295119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.TaylorC.GrundyMeasuring black internalization of white stereotypes about African Americans: The Nadanolitization ScaleR.L.JonesHandbook of tests and measurements for Black populations1996Cobb and Henry PublishersHampton, VA217226
   Google Scholar
• J.TaylorD.HendersonB.JacksonA holistic model for understanding and predicting depressive symptoms in African American womenJournal of Community Psychology19199130632010.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<306::AID-JCOP2290190403>3.0.CO;2-Z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.TruongR.SturmThe consequences of obesity: Schooling and human capitalJ.CrawleyThe Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity2011Oxford University PressNew York518530
   Google Scholar
• E.TullE.ChambersInternalized racism is associated with glucose intolerance among black Americans in the U.S. Virgin IslandsDiabetes Care242001149810.2337/diacare.24.8.1498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.TullM.CortE.GwebuK.GwebuInternalized racism is associated with elevated fasting glucose in a sample of adult women but not men in ZimbabweEthnicity and Disease172007731735 PMID: http://pmid:18072387
   Google Scholar
• E.TullY.SheuC.ButlerK.CorneliousRelationship between perceived stress, coping behavior and cortisol secretion in women with high and low levels of internalized racismJournal of the National Medical Association972005206212 PMCID: PMC2568780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.TullT.WickramasuriyaJ.TaylorV.Smith-BurnsM.BrownG.ChampagneRelationship of internalized racism to abdominal obesity and blood pressure in Afro-Caribbean womenJournal of the National Medical Association.911999447451 PMCID: PMC2608441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.VinesD.BairdJ.StevensI.Hertz-PicciottoK.LightM.McNeillyAssociations of abdominal fat with perceived racism and passive emotional responses to racism in African American womenAmerican Journal of Public Health97200752653010.2105/AJPH.2005.080663
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.WalkerI.KawachiRace, ethnicity, and obesityJ.CrawleyThe Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity2011Oxford University PressNew York257275
   Google Scholar
• D.Watts-JonesHealing internalized racism: The role of a within-group sanctuary among people of African descentFamily Process41200259160110.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.00591.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.WillemsT.SaundersD.HuntJ.SchorlingThe prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors among rural Blacks: A community-based studySouthern Medical Journal901997814820 PMID: 9258308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.R.WilliamsMiles to go before we sleep: Racial inequalities in healthJournal of Health and Social Behavior53201227929510.1177/0022146512455804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.WilliamsP.WoodThe effects of changing exercise levels on weight and age-related weight gainInternational Journal of Obesity30200654355110.1038/sj.ijo.0803172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health OrganizationWorld Health Statistics2009World Health OrganizationGeneva
   Google Scholar