137
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Dietary chromium supplementation for heat-stressed broilers

, , , , , & show all
Pages 101-116 | Received 08 Sep 2017, Accepted 05 Nov 2017, Published online: 23 Sep 2019

References

  • ALTAN, Ö., PABUÇCUOGLU, A., ALTAN, A., KONYALIOGLU, S. and BAYRAKTAR, H. (2003) Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers. British Poultry Science 44: 545–550.
  • ANANDHI, M., MATHIVANAN, R., VISWANATHAN, K. and MOHAN, B. (2006) Dietary inclusion of organic chromium on production and carcass characteristics of broilers. International Journal Poultry Science 5: 880–884.
  • ANDERSON, R.A., BRYDEN, N.A. and POLANSKY, M.M. (1992) Dietary chromium intake. Freely chosen diets, institutional diets, and individual foods. Biological Trace Element Research 32: 117–121.
  • AKDEMIR, F., SAHIN, N., ORHAN, C., TUZCU, M., SAHIN, K. and HAYIRLI, A. (2015) Chromium-histidinate ameliorates productivity in heat-stressed Japanese quails through reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting heat-shock protein expression. British Poultry Science 56: 247–254.
  • BAHRAMI, A., MOEINI, M.M., GHAZI, S.H. and TARGHIBI, M.R. (2012) The effect of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium supplementation on immune function of broiler chicken under heat-stress conditions. Journal Applied Poultry Research 21: 209–215.
  • BHAGAT, J., AHMED, K.A., TYAGI, P., SAXENA, M. and SAXENA, V.K. (2008) Effects of supplemental chromium on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression in response to Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler chicken. Research Veterinary Science 85: 46–51.
  • BORGES, S.A., MAIORKA, A. and SILVA, A.V.F. (2003) Heat stress physiology and electrolytes for broilers. Ciência Rural 33: 975–981.
  • BORGUET, F., CORNELIS, R. and LAMEIRE, N. (1990) Speciation of chromium in plasma and liver tissue of endstage renal failure patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Biological Trace Element Research 26-27: 449–460.
  • BROOKS, M.A., GRIMES, J.L., LLOYD, K.E., KRAFKA, K., LAMPTEY, A. and SPEARS, J.W. (2016) Chromium propionate in broilers: effect on insulin sensitivity. Poultry Science 95: 1096–1104.
  • BROSSI, C., CONTRERAS-CASTILLO, C.J., AMAZONAS, E.A. and MENTEN, J.F.M. (2009) Estresse térmico durante o pré-abate em frangos de corte. Ciência Rural 39: 1284–1293.
  • BRUNO, L.D.G., MAIORKA, A., MACARI, M., FURLAN, R.L. and GIVISIEZ, P.E.N. (2011) Water intake behaviour of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress and drinking from bell or nipple drinkers. Brazilian Journal Poultry Science 13: 147–152.
  • CALEFI, A.S., QUINTEIRO-FILHO, W.M., FERREIRA, A.G.P. and PALERMO-NETO, J. (2017) Neuroimmunomodulation and heat stress in poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 73: 493–504.
  • CAO, J., LI, K., LU, X. and ZHAO, Y. (2004) Effects of florfenicol and chromium (III) on humoral immune response in chicks. Asian-Australian Journal Animal Science 17: 366–370.
  • CHEN, N.S.C., TSAI, A. and DUER, I.A. (1973) Effects of chelating agents on chromium absorption in rats. Journal Nutrition 103: 1182–1186.
  • CUPO, M.A. and DONALDSON, W.E. (1987) Chromium and vanadium effects on glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in the click. Poultry Science 66: 120–126.
  • DAVIS, C.M., SUMRALL, K.H. and VINCENT, J.B. (1996) The biologically active form of chromium may activate a membrane phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP). Biochemistry 35: 12963–12969.
  • DAVIS, C.M. and VINCENT, J.B. (1997a) Isolation and characterisation of a biologically active form of chromium oligopeptide from bovine liver. Archives Biochemistry Biophysics 339: 335–343.
  • DAVIS, C.M. and VINCENT, J.B. (1997b) Chromium oligopeptide activates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Biochemistry 36: 4382–4385.
  • DEBSKI, B., ZALEWSKI, W., GRALAK, M.A. and KOSLA, T. (2004) Chromium-yeast supplementation of chicken broilers in an industrial farming system. Journal Trace Elements Medicine Biology 18: 47–51.
  • EBRAHIMZADEH, S.K., FARHOOMAND, P. and NOORI, K. (2012) Immune response of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with different level of chromium methionine under heat stress conditions. Asian-Australian Journal Animal Science 25: 256–260.
  • EBRAHIMZADEH, S.K., FARHOOMAND, P. and NOORI, K. (2013) Effects of chromium methionine supplementation on performance, carcass traits, and the Ca and P metabolism of broiler chickens under heat-stress conditions. Journal Applied Poultry Research 22: 382–387.
  • EFSA NDA PANEL (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies) (2014) Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for Chromium. EFSA Journal 12: 3845, 25 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3845. Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal.
  • EVANS, V.G. and BOWMAN, T.D. (1992) Chromium picolinate increases membrane fluidity and rate of insulin internalisation. Journal Inorganic Biochemistry 46: 243–250.
  • EZE, D.C., OKWOR, E.C., ANIKE, W.U., KAZEEM, H.M. and MAJIYAGBE, K.A. (2014) Effect of chromium propionate on the humoral immune response and performance of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease in the tropics. Journal Animal Plant Sciences 24: 1709–1715.
  • GAMBA, J.P., RODRIGUES, M.M., GARCIA NETO, M., PERRI, S.H.V., FARIA JÚNIOR, M.J.A. and PINTO, M.P. (2015) The strategic application of electrolyte balance to minimize heat stress in broilers. Brazilian Journal Poultry Science 17: 237–246.
  • GHANBARI, S., EBRAHIMNEZHAD, Y., ESHRATKHAH, B. and NAZERADI, K. (2012) Effect of dietary chromium supplementation on performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. Pakistan Journal Nutrition 11: 467–472.
  • GHAZI, S.H., HABIBIAN, M. and MOEINI, M.M. (2012) Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Biological Trace Element Research 146: 309–317.
  • GURSOY, U. (2000) Chromium in broiler diets. Feed International 21: 24–26.
  • HABIBIAN, M., GHAZI, S. and MOEINI, M. (2013) Lack of effect of dietary chromium supplementation on growth performance and serum insulin, glucose, and lipoprotein levels in broilers reared under heat stress condition. Biological Trace Element Research 153: 205–211.
  • HAZELWOOD, R.L. (1986) Carbohydrate Metabolism, in: Sturkie P.D. (Ed) Avian Physiology. Springer, New York, NY.
  • HUANG, Y., YANG, J., XIAO, F., LLOYD, K. and LIN, X. (2016) Effects of supplemental chromium source and concentration on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of broilers under heat stress conditions. Biological Trace Element Research 170: 216–233.
  • HOSSAIN, S.M., BARRETO, S.L.T. and SILVA, C.G. (1998) Growth performance and carcass composition of broiler fed supplemental chromium from chromium yeast. Animal Feed Science Technology 71: 217–228.
  • HUNT, C.D. and STOECKER, B.J. (1996) Deliberations and evaluations of the approaches, endpoints and paradigms for boron, chromium and fluoride dietary recommendations. Journal Nutrition 126: 2441S–2451S.
  • ISLAM, M.M., KABIR, S.M.L., SARKER, Y.A., SIKDER, M.M.H., ISLAM, S.K.S., AKTHER, A.H.M.T. and HOSSAIN, M.M. (2016) Risk assessment of chromium levels in broiler feeds and meats from selected farms of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal Veterinary Medicine 14: 131–134.
  • JACKSON, A.R., POWELL, S., JOHNSTON, S., SHELTON, J.L., BIDNER, T.D., VALDEZ, F.R. and SOURTHERN, L.L. (2008) The effect of chromium propionate on growth performance and carcass traits in broilers. Journal Applied Poultry Research 17: 476–481.
  • JAHANIAN, R. and RASOULI, E. (2015) Dietary chromium methionine supplementation could alleviate immunosuppressive effects of heat stress in broiler chicks. Journal of Animal Sciences 93: 3355–3363.
  • JAIN, S.K. and KANNAN, K. (2001) Chromium chloride inhibits oxidative stress and TNF-alpha secretion caused by exposure to high glucose in cultured U937 monocytes. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 289: 687–691.
  • JAVED, M.T., ELLAHI, M., ABBAS, N., YASMIN, R. and MAZHAR, M. (2010) Effects of dietary chromium chloride, nicotinic acid and cooper sulphate on meat of broilers. British Poultry Science 51: 354–360.
  • KANDROR, K.V. (1999) Insulin regulation of protein traffic in rat adipocyte cells. Journal Biological Chemistry 274: 25210–25217.
  • KHAN, R.U., NAZ, S., NIKOUSEFAT, K., SELVAGGI, M., LAUDADIO, V. and TUFARELLI, V. (2012) Effect of ascorbic acid in heat-stressed poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 68: 477–490.
  • KHAN, R.U., NAZ, S. and DHAMA, K. (2014) Chromium: pharmacological applications in heat-stress in poultry. International Journal Pharmacology 10: 213–217.
  • KRÓLICZEWSKA, B., ZAWADSKI, W., DOBRZANSKI, Z. and KACZMAREK-OLIWA, A. (2004) Changes in selected serum parameters of broiler chicken fed supplemental chromium. Journal Animal Physiology Animal Nutrition 88: 393–400.
  • LIN, Y.C., HUANG, J.T., LI, M.Z., CHENG, C.Y. and LIEN, T.F. (2014) Effects of supplemental nanoparticle trivalent chromium on the nutrient utilisation, growth performance and serum traits of broilers. Journal Animal Physiology Animal Nutrition 99: 59–65.
  • LUKASKI, H.C. (1999) Chromium as a supplement. Annual Review Nutrition 19: 279–302.
  • MAHMOUD, K.Z., EDENS, F.W., EISEN, E.J. and HAVENSTEIN, G.B. (2004) Ascorbic acid decreases heat shock protein 70 and plasma corticosterone response in broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) subjected to cyclic heat stress. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology Part B 137: 35–42.
  • MIRFENDERESKI, E. and JAHANIAN, R. (2015) Effects of dietary organic chromium and vitamin C supplementation on performance, immune responses, blood metabolites, and stress status of laying hens subjected to high stocking density. Poultry Science 94: 281–288.
  • MOEINI, M.M., BAHRAMI, A., GHAZI, S. and TARGHIBI, M.R. (2011) The effect of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium supplementation on production performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chicken under heat stress condition. Biological Trace Element Research 144: 715–724.
  • MOHAMMED, H.H., EL-SAYED, B.M., ABD EL-RAZIK, W.M., ALI, M.A. and ABD EL-AZIZ, R.M. (2014) The influence of chromium sources on growth performance, economic efficiency, some maintenance behaviour, blood metabolites and carcass traits in broiler chickens. Global Veterinaria 12: 599–605.
  • NAGHIEH, A., TOGHYANI, M., GHEISARI, A.A., SAEED, S.E. and MIRANZAEDH, H. (2010) Effect of different sources of supplemental chromium on performance and immune responses of broiler chicks. Journal Animal Veterinary Advances 9: 354–358.
  • NAVIDSHAD, B., PIRSARAEI, Z.A. and CHASHNIDEL, Y. (2010) Effects of dietary chromium polynicotinate supplementation on performance, fat deposition and plasma lipids of broiler chickens. Italian Journal Animal Science 9: 61–64.
  • NOORI, K., FARHOOMAND, P. and EBRAHIMZADEH, S.K. (2012) Effect of chromium methionine supplementation on performance and serum metabolites in broiler chickens thermoneutral and under heat-stress conditions. Iran Journal Applied Animal Science 2: 79–82.
  • NORAIN, T.M., ISMAIL, I.B., ABDOUN, K.A. and AL-HAIDARY, A.A. (2013) Dietary inclusion of chromium to improve growth performance and immue-competence of broilers under heat stress. Italian Journal Animal Science 12: 562–566.
  • OBA, A., SOUZA, P.A., SOUZA, H.B.A., LEONEL, F.R., PELICANO, E.R.L., ZEOULA, N.M.B. and BOLELLI, I.C. (2007) Qualidade da carne de frangos de corte submetidos a dietas com crômio, criados em diferentes temperaturas ambientais. Acta Scientiarum Animal Science 29: 143–149.
  • OBA, A., LOPES, P.C.F., BOIAGO, M.M., SILVA, A.M.S., MONTASSIER, H.J. and SOUZA, P.A. (2012) Características produtivas e imunológicas de frangos de corte submetidos a dietas suplementadas com cromo, criados sob diferentes condições de ambiente. Revista Brasileira Zootecnia 41: 1186–1192.
  • OGLE, C.K., VALENTE, J.F., GUO, X., LI, B.G., OGLE, J.D. and ALEXANDER, J.W. (1997) Thermal injury induces the development of inflammatory macrophages from nonadherent bone marrow cells. Inflammation 21: 569–582.
  • OLIVEIRA, R.F.M., DONZELE, J.L., ABREU, M.L.T., FERREIRA, R.A., VAZ, R.G.M.V. and CELLA, P.S. (2006) Efeitos da temperatura e da umidade relativa sobre o desempenho e o rendimento de cortes nobres de frangos de corte de 1 a 49 dias de idade. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35: 797–803.
  • OLUFEMI, A.A. and BOSEDE, M.A. (2011) Effect of inorganic chromium supplementation on performance, meat quality, residual chromium and mineral composition of heat-stress broiler birds. International Journal AgriScience 1: 373–380.
  • PAN, Y.Z., WU, S.G., DAI, H.C., ZHANG, H.J., YUE, H.Y. and QI, G.H. (2013) Solexa sequencing of microRNAs on chromium metabolism in broiler chicks. Journal Nutrigenetics Nutrigenomics 6: 137–153.
  • PECHOVA, A. and PAVLATA, L. (2007) Chromium as na essential nutrient: a review. Veterinarni Medicina 52: 1–18.
  • PERAI, A.H., KERMANSHAHI, H. and MOGHADDAM, H.N. (2014) Effects of supplemental vitamin C and chromium on metabolic and hormonal responses, antioxidant status, and tonic immobility reactions of transported broiler chickens. Biological Trace Element Research 157: 224–233.
  • PUVADOLPIROD, S. and THAXTON, J.P. (2000) Model of physiological stress in chickens 4. Digestion and metabolism. Poultry Science 79: 383–390.
  • RAJALEKSHMI, M., SUGUMAR, C., CHIRAKKAL, H. and RAMARAO, S.V. (2014) Influence of chromium propionate on the carcass characteristics and immune response of commercial broiler birds under normal rearing conditions. Poultry Science 93: 574–580.
  • RAO, S.V.R., RAJU, M.V., PANDA, A.K., POONAM, N.S., MURTHY, O.K. and SUNDER, G.S. (2012) Effect of dietary supplementation of organic chromium on performance, carcass traits, oxidative parameters and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens. Biological Trace Element Research 147: 135–141.
  • RAO, S.V.R., PRAKASH, B., RAJU, M.V.L.N., PANDA, A.K., KUMARI, R.K. (2016) Effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc, selenium and chromium on performance, anti-oxidant and immune responses in broiler chicken reared in tropical summer. Biological Trace Element Research 172: 511–520.
  • RENAUDEAU, D., COLLIN, A., YAHAV, S., DE BASILIO, V., GOURDINE, J.L. and COLLIER, R.J. (2012) Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production. Animal 6: 707–728.
  • RHOADS, R.P., BAUMGARD, L.H., SUAGEE, J.K. and SANDERS, S.R. (2013) Nutrition interventions to alleviate the negative consequences of heat stress. Advances Nutrition 4: 267–276.
  • RIMOLD, S., LASAGNA, E., SARTI, F.M., MARELLI, S.P., COZZI, M.C., BERNARDINI, G. and TEROVA, G. (2015) Expression profile of six stress-related genes and productive performances of fast and slow growing broiler strains reared under heat stress conditions. Meta Gene 6: 17–25.
  • RIBEIRO, M.V.M., ROQUE, A.K.L., VIEIRA, E.C. and CALDAS, N.M. (2011) Determinação da concentração de cromo na carne de frango de corte alimentados com ração suplementada. Available in: http://www.annq.org/congresso2011/arquivos/1300408411.pdf.
  • SAHIN, K., SAHIN, N., ONDERIC, M., GURSU, F. and CIKIM, G. (2002) Optimal dietary concentration of chromium for alleviating the effect of heat stress on growth, carcass qualities, and some serum metabolites of broiler chickens. Biological Trace Element Research 89: 53–64.
  • SAHIN, K., SAHIN, N. and KÜÇÜK, O. (2003) Effects of chromium and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high environmental temperature (32°C). Nutrition Research 23: 225–238.
  • SAHIN, K., SAHIN, N., KÜÇÜK, O., HAYRLI, A. and PRASAD, A.S. (2009) Role of dietary zinc in heat-stressed poultry: A review. Poultry Science 88: 2176–2183.
  • SAHIN, N., AKDEMIR, F., TUZCU, M., HAYRLI, A., SMITH, M.O. and SAHIN, K. (2010) Effects of supplemental chromium sources and levels on performance, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in heat-stressed quails. Animal Feed Science Technology 159: 143–149.
  • SAHIN, N., HAYRLI, A., ORHAN, C., TUZCU, M., AKDEMIR, F., KOMOROWSKI, J.R. and SAHIN, K. (2017) Effects of supplemental chromium form on performance and oxidative stress in broilers exposed to heat stress. Poultry Science: doi: 10.3382/ps/pex249.
  • SAMANTA, S., HALDAR, S., BAHADUR, V., GHOSH, T.K. (2008) Chromium picolinate can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress and enhance performance, carcass and meat traits in broiler chickens by reducing the circulatory cortisol level. Journal Science Food Agriculture 88: 787–796.
  • SANDS, J.S. and SMITH, M.O. (1999) Broilers in heat stress conditions: Effects of dietary manganese proteinate or chromium picolinate supplementation. Journal Applied Poultry Research 8: 280–287.
  • SETHI, J.K. and HOTAMISLIGIL, G.S. (1999) The role of TNFα in adipocyte metabolism. Cell Developmental Biology 10: 19–29.
  • SIEGEL, H.S. (1995) Stress, strains and resistance. British Poultry Science 36: 3–22.
  • SILVA, S.R.G., ABREU, M.L.T., LOPES, J.B., LEAL, D.I.B., ALMENDRA, S.N.O., SILVA, S.M.M.S. and COSTA, S.E.M. (2014) Desempenho e resposta imune de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com cromo na forma orgânica. Revista Brasileira Ciências Veterinárias 21: 199–203.
  • SILVA, G.C., NASCIMENTO, M.R.B.M., PENHA-SILVA, N., FERNANDES, E.A., VILELA, D.R. and SOUTO, M.M. (2015) Suplementação com zinco e selênio em frangos de corte submetidos a estresse cíclico de calor. Revista Ceres 62: 372–378.
  • SIRIRAT, N., LU, J.J., HUNG, A.T.Y., CHEN, S.Y. and LIEN, T.F. (2012) Effects different levels of nanoparticles chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance, mineral retention, and immune responses in broilers chickens. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4: 48–58.
  • SOUZA, L.M.G., MURAKAMI, A.E., FERNANDES, J.I.M., GUERRA, F.L.H. and MARTINS, E.M. (2010) Chromium influence on performance, meat quality and concentration of lipids in broiler blood plasma. Brazilian Journal Animal Science 39: 808–814.
  • SONG, D.J. and KING, A.J. (2015) Effects of heat stress on broiler meat quality. World's Poultry Science Journal 71: 701–709.
  • TAWFEEK, S.S., HASSANIN, K.M.A. and YOUSSEF, I.M.I. (2014) The effect of dietary supplementation of some antioxidants on performance, oxidative stress, and blood parameters in broilers under natural summer conditions. Journal World's Poultry Research 4: 10–19.
  • TOGHYANI, M., SHIVAZAD, M., GHEISARI, A.A. and ZARKESH, S.H. (2006) Performance, carcass traits and hematological parameters of heat-stressed broiler chicks in response to dietary levels of chromium picolinate. International Journal Poultry Science 5: 65–69.
  • TOGHYANI, M., ZARKESH, S.H., SHIVAZAD, M., GHEISARI, A.A. (2007) Immune responses of broiler chicks fed chromium picolinate in heat stress condition. Journal Poultry Science 44: 330–334.
  • TOGHYANI, M., GHEISARI, A.A., KHODAMI, A., TOGHYANI, M., MOHAMMADREZAEI, M. and BAHADORAN, R. (2010) Effect of dietary chromium yeast on thigh meat quality of broiler chicks in heat stress condition. International Journal Biology Life Science 6: 196–199.
  • TOGHYANI, M., TOGHYANI, M., SHIVAZAD, M., GHEISARI, A.A. and BAHADORAN, R. (2012) Chromium supplementation can alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat lipid oxidation of broiler chicks without any adverse impacts on blood constituents. Biological Trace Element Research 146: 171–180.
  • VAZ, R.G.M., OLIVEIRA, R.F.M., DONZELE, J.L., ALBINO, L.F.T., OLIVEIRA, W.P. and SILVA, B.A.N. (2009) Levels of dietary chromium in rations for male broilers kept under heat stress from one to 42 days of age. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária Zootecnia 61: 484–490.
  • VINCENT, J.B. (2000a) Elucidating a biological role for chromium at a molecular level. Accounts Chemical Research 33: 503–510.
  • VINCENT, J.B. (2000b) The biochemistry of chromium. Journal Nutrition 130: 715–718.
  • VINCENT, J.B. (2010) Chromium: celebrating 50 years as an essential element? Dalton Transactions 39: 3787–3794.
  • WANG, M.Y., TSAI, M.Y. and WANG, C. (1994) Identification of chicken liver glucose transporter. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 310: 172–179.
  • WHITE, M.K., RALL, T.B. and WEBER, J. (1991) Differential regulation of glucose transporter isoforms by the src oncogene in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Molecular and Cellular Biology 11: 4448–4454.
  • XIAO, F., AO, D., ZHOU, B., SPEARS, J.W., LIN, X. and HUANG, Y. (2016) Effects of supplemental chromium propionate on serum lipids, carcass traits, and meat quality of heat-stressed broilers. Biological Trace Element Research 176: 401–406.
  • YAMAMOTO, A., WADA, O. and ONO, T. (1987) Isolation of biologically active low-molecular-mass chromium compound from rabbit liver. European Journal Biochemistry 165: 627–631.
  • ZHA, L.Y., ZENG, J.W., CHU, X.W., MAO, L.M. and LUO, H.J. (2009) Efficacy of trivalent chromium on growth performance, carcass characteristics and tissue chromium in heat-stressed broilers chicks. Journal Science Food Agriculture 89: 1782–1786.
  • ZHANG, Z.Y., JIA, G.Q., ZUO, J.J., ZHANG, Y., LEI, J., REN, L. and FENG, D.Y. (2012) Effects of constant and cyclic heat stress on muscle metabolism and meat quality of broiler breast fillet and thigh meat. Poultry Science 91: 2931–2937.
  • ZHANG, S. and KIM, I.H. (2014) Effects of Cr-methionine supplementation on growth performance, relative organ weight, immune hormones, and meat quality of broiler chicks under heat stress. Indian Journal Animal Science 84: 511–515.
  • ZHAO, J.P., LIN, H., JIAO, H.C. and SONG, Z.G. (2009) Corticosterone suppresses insulin-and NO-stimulated muscle glucose uptake in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 149: 448–454.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.