221
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Stressors Experienced During Deployment Among Canadian Armed Forces Personnel: Factor Structure of Two Combat Exposure Scales

, , &
Pages 285-295 | Published online: 13 Dec 2017

References

  • Boermans, S. M., Kamhuis, W., Delahaij, R., Korteling, J. E., & Euwema, M. C. (2013). Perceived demands during modern military operations. Military Medicine, 178, 722–728. 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00463
  • Booth-Kewley, S., Larson, G. E., Highfill-McRoy, R. M., Garland, C. F., & Gaskin, T. A. (2010). Correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in Marines back from war. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 69–77.
  • Boulos, D. L., & Zamorski, M. A. (2013). Deployment-related mental disorders in Canadian Forces personnel deployed in support of the mission in Afghanistan, 2001–2008. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 185, E545–E552. 10.1503/cmaj.122120
  • Bray, R. M., Brown, J. M., & Williams, J. (2013). Trends in binge and heavy drinking, alcohol-related problems, and combat exposure in the U.S. military. Substance Use & Misuse, 48, 799–810. 10.3109/10826084.2013.796990
  • Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 98–104. 10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
  • Dobreva-Martinova, T. (1998). Psychometric properties of the Stress in Military Service Questionnaire based on surveys of deployed Canadian Forces personnel ( DHRRE Sponsor Research Report 98-16) Ottawa, Canada: Director Human Resources Research and Evaluation.
  • Gallaway, M. S., Fink, D. S., Millikan, A. M., Mitchell, M. M., & Bell, M. R. (2013). The association between combat exposure and negative behavioral and psychiatric conditions. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201, 572–578. 10.1097/NMD.0b013e318298296a
  • Gallaway, M. S., Mitchell, M., Fink, D. S., Forys-Donahue, K., Pecko, J., Bell, M. R., & Millikan, A. M. (2014). Combat exposure factors associated with the likelihood of behavioral and psychiatric issues. Military Behavioral Health. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21635781.2014.897205
  • Garber, B. G., & Zamorski, M. A. (2012). Evaluation of a third-location decompression program for Canadian Forces members returning from Afghanistan. Military Medicine, 177, 397–403. 10.7205/MILMED-D-11-00302
  • Garber, B. G., Zamorski, M. A., & Jetly, R. (2012). Mental health of Canadian Forces members while on deployment to Afghanistan. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57, 736–744.
  • Guyker, W. M., Donnelly, K., Donnelly, J. P., Dunnam, M., Warner, G. C., Kittleson, J., . . . Meier, S. T. (2013). Dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the combat experiences scale. Military Medicine, 178, 377–384. 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00223
  • Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 13–22. 10.1056/NEJMoa040603
  • Jensen, P. R., & Simpson, D. (2014). A qualitative analysis of the experience and impact of killing in hand-to-hand combat. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27, 468–473. 10.1002/jts.21938
  • Katz, L. S., Cojucar, G., Davenport, C., Clarke, S., & Williams, J. C. (2012). War Experiences Inventory: Initial psychometric and structural properties. Military Psychology, 24, 48–70. 10.1080/08995605.2012.642291
  • Killgore, W. D., Cotting, D. I., Thomas, J. L., Cox, A. L., McGurk, D., Vo, A. H., . . . Hoge, C. W. (2008). Post-combat invincibility: Violent combat experiences are associated with increased risk-taking propensity following deployment. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42, 1112–1121. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.01.001
  • Nash, W. P., Marino Carper, T. L., Mills, M. A., Au, T., Goldsmith, A., & Litz, B. T. (2013). Psychometric evaluation of the Moral Injury Events Scale. Military Medicine, 178, 646–652. 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00017
  • Richardson, L. K., Frueh, B. C., & Acierno, R. (2010). Prevalence estimates of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A critical review. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 4–19. 10.3109/00048670903393597
  • Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Afifi, T. O., Stein, M. B., Belik, S. L., Meadows, G., & Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Combat and peacekeeping operations in relation to prevalence of mental disorders and perceived need for mental health care: Findings from a large representative sample of military personnel. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 843–852. 10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.843
  • Smith, T. C., Ryan, M. A. K., Wingard, D. L., Slymen, D. J., Sallis, J. F., Kritz-Silverstein, D., . . . the millennium cohort study team. (2008). New onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self reported after deployment and combat exposures: Prospective population based US military cohort study. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 336, 366–371. 10.1136/bmj.39430.638241.AE
  • Uebersax, J. S. (2006). Introduction to the tetrachoric and polychoric correlation coefficients. Statistical methods for rater agreement web site. Retrieved from http://john-uebersax.com/stat/tetra.htm
  • Waller, M., Treloar, S. A., Sim, M. R., McFarlane, A. C., McGuire, A. C. L., Bleier, J., & Dobson, A. J. (2012). Traumatic events, other operational stressors and physical and mental health reported by Australian Defence Force personnel following peacekeeping and war-like deployments. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 88. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/12/88. 10.1186/1471-244X-12-88
  • Watkins, K. (2014). Deployment stressors: A review of the literature and implications for members of the Canadian Armed Forces. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Wells, T. S., LeardMann, C. A., Fortuna, S. O., Smith, B., Smith, T. C., Ryan, M. A., . . . the Millennium Cohort Study Team. (2010). A prospective study of depression following combat deployment in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 90–99. 10.2105/AJPH.2008.155432

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.