Unit Cohesion, Resilience, and Mental Health of Soldiers in Basic Combat Training

References

• Adler, A. B., Bliese, P. D., McGurk, D., Hoge, C. W., & Castro, C. A. (2009). Battlemind debriefing and battlemind training as early interventions with soldiers returning from Iraq: Randomization by platoon. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 928–940. 10.1037/a0016877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler, A. B., Williams, J., McGurk, D., Moss, A., & Bliese, P. D. (2015). Resilience training with soldiers during basic combat training: Randomisation by platoon. Applied Psychology: Health and Well Being, 7, 85–107. 10.1111/aphw.12040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler, N. E., Horowitz, M., Garcia, A., & Moyer, A. (1998). Additional validation of a scale to assess positive states of mind. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 26–32. 10.1097/00006842-199801000-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bales, R. F. (1950). Interaction process analysis: A method for the study of small groups. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Bliese, P. D., & Britt, T. W. (2001). Social support, group consensus, and stressor-strain relationships: Social context matters. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 425–436. 10.1002/job.95
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliese, P. D., Wright, K., Adler, A., Hoge, C., & Prayner, R. (2005). Post-deployment psychological screening: Interpreting and scoring DD Form 2900. US Army Medical Research Unit–Europe (Research Report 2005-03). Heidelberg, Germany: USAMRU–E.
   Google Scholar
• Brailey, K., Vasterling, J. J., Proctor, S. P., Constans, J. I., & Friedman, M. J. (2007). PTSD symptoms, life events, and unit cohesion in U.S. soldiers: Baseline findings from the neurocognition deployment health study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 495–503. 10.1002/jts.20234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britt, T. W., & Dawson, C. R. (2005). Predicting work family conflict from workload, job attitudes, group attributes, and health: A longitudinal study. Military Psychology, 17, 203–227. 10.1207/s15327876mp1703_5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbone, E. G., Cigrang, J. A., Todd, S. L., & Fiedler, E. R. (1999). Predicting outcome of military basic training for individuals referred for psychological evaluation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 72, 256–265. 10.1207/S15327752JP720210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76–82. 10.1002/da.10113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutsch, M. (1959). Some factors affecting membership motivation and achievement in a group. Human Relations, 12, 81–85. 10.1177/001872675901200107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrhart, M. G., Bliese, P. D., & Thomas, J. L. (2009). Unit-level OCB and unit effectiveness: Examining the incremental effect of helping behavior. Human Performance, 19, 159–173. 10.1207/s15327043hup1902_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith, J. (2002). Multilevel analysis of cohesion’s relation to stress, well-being, and perceived combat readiness. Military Psychology, 14, 217–239. 10.1207/S15327876MP1403_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The Influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50, 337–370. 10.1111/1464-0597.00062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E., & Schumm, J. A. (2002). Conservation of resources theory: Application to public health promotion. In R. J. Diclemente, R. A. Crosby, & M. C. Kegler (Eds.), Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: Strategies for improving public health (2nd ed., pp. 285–312). San Francisco, CA: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A. (1987). Social identity and group cohesiveness. In J. C. Turner, M. A. Hogg, P. J. Oakes, S. D. Reicher, & M. S. Wetherell (Eds.), Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory (pp. 86–119). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, N., Roberts, P., & Greenberg, N. (2003). Peer-group risk assessment: A post-traumatic management strategy for hierarchical organizations. Occupational Medicine, 53, 469–475. 10.1093/occmed/kqg093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S.-L. T., . . . Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32, 959–976. 10.1017/S0033291702006074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little, E. (2008, September). Project LASER: A longitudinal ADF study evaluating retention. Presented at the 50th International Military Testing Association meeting, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Mael, F. A., & Alderks, C. E. (1993). Leadership team cohesion and subordinate work unit morale and performance. Military Psychology, 5, 141–158.
   Google Scholar
• Maguen, S., & Litz, B. T. (2006). Predictors of morale in U.S. peacekeepers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 820–836. 10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00045.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, S. L. A. (1966). Men against fire. New York, NY: Morrow.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, L., Rosen, L. N., Durand, D. B., Knudson, K. H., & Stretch, R. H. (2000). Psychological and physical health effects of sexual assaults and nonsexual traumas among male and female United States Army soldiers. Behavioral Medicine, 26, 23–33. 10.1080/08964280009595750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., Britt, T. W., & Adler, A. B. (2006). Joining the ranks: The role of indoctrination in transforming civilians to service members. In A. B. Adler, C. A. Castro, & T. W. Britt (Eds.), Military life: The psychology of serving in peace and combat, Vol. 2: Operational stress (pp. 13–31). Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.
   Google Scholar
• Morin, C. M. (1993). Insomnia: Psychological assessment and management. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2010). Mplus user’s guide, sixth edition. Los Angeles, CA: Authors.
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1994). An examination of the psychometric properties and nomological validity of some revised and reduced substitutes for leadership scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 702–713. 10.1037/0021-9010.79.5.702
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute. (2011). SAS (Version 9.3) [ Computer software]. Cary, NC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Siebold, G. L. (2007). The essence of military group cohesion. Armed Forces and Society, 33, 286–295. 10.1177/0095327X06294173
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talcott, G. W., Haddock, C. K., Klesges, R. C., Lando, H., & Fiedler, E. (1999). Prevalence and predictors of discharge in United States Air Force basic military training. Military Medicine, 164, 269–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaishnavi, S., Connor, K., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2007). An abbreviated version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the CD-RISC2: Psychometric properties and applications in psychopharmacological trials. Psychiatry Research, 152, 293–297. 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.01.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, A., Hagerty, B. M., Yousha, S. M., Horrocks, J., Hoyle, K. S., & Liu, D. (2004). Psychosocial effects of the BOOTSTRAP intervention in Navy recruits. Military Medicine, 169, 814–822. 10.7205/MILMED.169.10.814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar