- Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub Eet al.Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA2003;289:179–186.
- Ford SM, Grabenstein JD.Pandemics, avian influenza A (H5N1), and a strategy for pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy2006;26:312–322.
- Herfst S, Schrauwen EJ, Linster Met al.Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets. Science2012;336:1534–1541.
- Imai M, Watanabe T, Hatta Met al.Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets. Nature2012;486:420–428.
- Russell CA, Fonville JM, Brown AEet al.The potential for respiratory droplet-transmissible A/H5N1 influenza virus to evolve in a mammalian host. Science2012;336:1541–1547.
- Sun J, Madan R, Karp CL, Braciale TJ.Effector T cells control lung inflammation during acute influenza virus infection by producing IL-10. Nat Med2009;15:277–284.
- Kaiser L, Fritz RS, Straus SE, Gubareva L, Hayden FG.Symptom pathogenesis during acute influenza: interleukin-6 and other cytokine responses. J Med Virol2001;64:262–268.
- Traves SL, Proud D.Viral-associated exacerbations of asthma and COPD. Curr Opin Pharmacol2007;7:252–258.
- Hayden FG, Fritz R, Lobo MC, Alvord W, Strober W, Straus SE.Local and systemic cytokine responses during experimental human influenza A virus infection. Relation to symptom formation and host defense. J Clin Invest1998;101:643–649.
- To KK, Hung IF, Li IWet al.Delayed clearance of viral load and marked cytokine activation in severe cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection. Clin Infect Dis2010;50:850–859.
- Peiris JS, Cheung CY, Leung CY, Nicholls JM.Innate immune responses to influenza A H5N1: friend or foe? Trends Immunol2009;30:574–584.
- Baskin CR, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Tumpey TMet al.Early and sustained innate immune response defines pathology and death in nonhuman primates infected by highly pathogenic influenza virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2009;106:3455–3460.
- Carter MJ.A rationale for using steroids in the treatment of severe cases of H5N1 avian influenza. J Med Microbiol2007;56:875–883.
- Perrone LA, Szretter KJ, Katz JM, Mizgerd JP, Tumpey TM.Mice lacking both TNF and IL-1 receptors exhibit reduced lung inflammation and delay in onset of death following infection with a highly virulent H5N1 virus. J Infect Dis2010;202:1161–1170.
- Garcia CC, Guabiraba R, Soriani FM, Teixeira MM.The development of anti-inflammatory drugs for infectious diseases. Discov Med2010;10:479–488.
- Howard WA, Peiris M, Hayden FG.Report of the ‘mechanisms of lung injury and immunomodulator interventions in influenza’ workshop, 21 March 2010, Ventura, California, USA. Influenza Other Respi Viruses2011;5:453– 454, e458– e475.
- Darwish I, Mubareka S, Liles WC.Immunomodulatory therapy for severe influenza. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther2011;9:807–822.
- Chan PK, Lee N, Zaman Met al.Determinants of antiviral effectiveness in influenza virus A subtype H5N1. J Infect Dis2012;206:1359–1366.
- Lee N, Allen Chan KC, Hui DSet al.Effects of early corticosteroid treatment on plasma SARS-associated Coronavirus RNA concentrations in adult patients. J Clin Virol2004;31:304–309.
- Zheng BJ, Chan KW, Lin YPet al.Delayed antiviral plus immunomodulator treatment still reduces mortality in mice infected by high inoculum of influenza A/H5N1 virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2008;105:8091–8096.
- Ikemura T, Schwarze J, Makela Met al.Type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitors attenuate respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and lung eosinophilia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther2000;294:701–706.
- Taler M, Gil-Ad I, Lomnitski Let al.Immunomodulatory effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on human T lymphocyte function and gene expression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol2007;17:774–780.
- Sidwell RW, Smee DF.In vitro and in vivo assay systems for study of influenza virus inhibitors. Antiviral Res2000;48:1–16.
- Nguyen JT, Hoopes JD, Smee DFet al.Triple combination of oseltamivir, amantadine, and ribavirin displays synergistic activity against multiple influenza virus strains in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother2009;53:4115–4126.
- Kubera M, Lin AH, Kenis G, Bosmans E, van Bockstaele D, Maes M.Anti-Inflammatory effects of antidepressants through suppression of the interferon-gamma/interleukin-10 production ratio. J Clin Psychopharmacol2001;21:199–206.
- Kubera M, Maes M, Kenis G, Kim YK, Lason W.Effects of serotonin and serotonergic agonists and antagonists on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. Psychiatry Res2005;134:251–258.
- Maes M.The immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants. Hum Psychopharmacol2001;16:95–103.
- Maes M, Kenis G, Kubera M, de Baets M, Steinbusch H, Bosmans E.The negative immunoregulatory effects of fluoxetine in relation to the cAMP-dependent PKA pathway. Int Immunopharmacol2005;5:609–618.
- Tremaine LM, Stroh JG, Ronfeld RA.Characterization of a carbamic acid ester glucuronide of the secondary amine sertraline. Drug Metab Dispos1989;17:58–63.
- Page CP, Spina D.Selective PDE inhibitors as novel treatments for respiratory diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol2012;12:275–286.
- Spina D.PDE4 inhibitors: current status. Br J Pharmacol2008;155:308–315.
- Rennard S, Knobil K, Rabe KFet al.The efficacy and safety of cilomilast in COPD. Drugs2008;68( Suppl 2):3–57.
- Wedzicha JA, Rabe KF, Martinez FJet al.Efficacy of roflumilast in the COPD frequent exacerbator phenotype. Chest2013;143:1302–1311.
- Govorkova EA, Marathe BM, Prevost A, Rehg JE, Webster RG.Assessment of the efficacy of the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in ferrets. Antiviral Res2011;91:81–88.
- Zarogiannis SG, Noah JW, Jurkuvenaite A, Steele C, Matalon S, Noah DL.Comparison of ribavirin and oseltamivir in reducing mortality and lung injury in mice infected with mouse adapted A/California/04/2009 (H1N1). Life Sci2012;90:440–445.
- Sidwell RW, Barnard DL, Day CWet al.Efficacy of orally administered T-705 on lethal avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother2007;51:845–851.
Emerging Microbes & Infections
Volume 2, 2013 - Issue 1