Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

References

• Medleau L, Barsanti JA. Cryptococcosis. In: Greene CE, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1990; 687–695.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis D, Pfeiffer T. The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. Eur J Epidemiol 1992; 8: 321–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis D, Pfeiffer T. The trouble with river red gums. Today's Life Sci 1990; 2: 44–48.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis DH, Pfeiffer TJ. Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neofor-mans var. gattii. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 1642–1644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis DH, Pfeiffer TJ. Ecology, life cycle, and infectious propag-ule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Lancet 1990; 336: 923–925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer TJ, Ellis DH. Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus tereticornis. J Med Vet Mycol 1992; 30: 407–408.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pfeiffer T, Ellis D. Additional eucalypt hosts for Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. Microbiol Aust 1996; 17: A53. Abstract for the joint ASM NZSM meeting Christchurch, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer T, Ellis D. Additional eucalyptus hosts for Cryptococ-cus neoformans var. gattii. In: Abstracts of the 13th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) 1997. North Adelaide, Australia: International Soci-ety for Human and Animal Mycology, 1997: abstract P111.
   Google Scholar
• Lazera MS, Pires FDA, Camillo-Coura L, et al. Natural habi-tat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in decaying wood forming hollows in living trees. J Med Vet Mycol 1996; 34: 127–131.
   Google Scholar
• Malik R, Wigney DI, Muir DB, Gregory DJ, Love DN. Cryptococcosis in cats: clinical and mycological assessment of 29 cases and evaluation of treatment using orally administered fluconazole. J Med Vet Mycol 1992; 30: 133–144.
   Google Scholar
• Malik R, Dill-Macky E, Martin P, et al. Cryptococcosis in dogs: a retrospective study of 20 consecutive cases. J Med Vet Mycol 1995; 33: 291–297.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen J. The pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. J Infect 1982; 5: 109–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitz SM. The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans and the epidemiology of cryptococcosis. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13: 1163–1169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dimech WJ. Diagnosis, identification and epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Aust J Med Lab Sci 1990; 12: 13–21.
   Google Scholar
• Powell KE, Dahl BA, Weeks DJ, Tosh FE. Airborne Crypto-coccus neoformans: particles from pigeon excrete compatible with alveolar deposition. J Infect Dis 1972; 125: 412–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randhana HS, Mahundra PAL. Occurrence and significance of Cryptococcus neoformans in the respiratory tract of patients with bronchopulmonary disorders. J Clin Microbiol 1977; 5: 5–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik R, Wigney DI, Muir DB, Love DN. Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of dogs and cats. J Med Vet Mycol 1996; 35: 27–31.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts MC, Sutton RH, Lovell DK. A protracted case of cryptococcal nasal granuloma in a stallion. Aust Vet J 1981; 57: 287–291.
   Google Scholar
• Scott EA, Duncan JR, McCormack JE. Cryptococcosis involv-ing the postorbital area and frontal sinus in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1974; 165: 626–627.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman HM, Robinson WF, Bolton JR, Robertson JP. Cryp-tococcus neoformans infection in goats. Aust Vet J 1990; 67: 263–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dromer F, Ronin O, Dupont B. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from an Asian patient in France: evi-dence for dormant infection in healthy subjects. J Med Vet Mycol 1992; 30: 395–397.
   Google Scholar
• Speed BR, Strawbridge L, Ellis DH. Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii meningitis in an Australian patient with AIDS. J Med Vet Mycol 1993; 31: 395–399.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis D, Pfeiffer T. Cryptococcosis and the ecology of Crypto-coccus neoformans. Jpn J Med Mycol 1994; 35: 111–122.
   Google Scholar
• Backhouse TC, Bolliger A. Cryptococcosis in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Aust J Sci 1960; 23: 86–87.
   Google Scholar
• Backhouse TC, Bolliger A. Morbidity and mortality in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Aust J Zool 1961; 9: 24–36.
   Google Scholar
• Bolliger A, Finckh ES. The prevalence of cryptococcosis in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Med J Aust 1962; 14: 545–547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner MR, Nairn MM. Cryptococcosis in koalas in West-ern Austraha. Aust Vet J 1964; 40: 62–63.
   Google Scholar
• Canfield PJ, Oxenford CJ, Lomas GR. A disease outbreak involving pneumonia in captive koalas. Aust Vet J 1986; 63: 312–313.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer A, Ley C, Canfield PJ, Martin P, Perry R. Meningoencephalitis in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii infection. J Zoo Wildlife Med 1993; 24: 519–522.
   Google Scholar
• Makk R, Martin P, Wigney DI, et al. Nasopharyngeal crypto-coccosis. Aust Vet J 1997; 75: 483–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tell LA, Nichols DK, Fleming WP, Bush M. Cryptococcosis in tree shrews (Tupia tana and Tupia minor) and elephant shrews (Macroscelides proboscides). J Zoo Wildlife Med 1997; 28: 175–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik R, McPetrie R, Wigney DI, Craig AJ, Love DN. A latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test for diagnosis and monitoring of therapy for cryptococcosis. Aust Vet J 1996; 74: 358–364.
   Google Scholar
• Gray LD, Roberts GD. Experience with the use of pronase to eliminate interference factors in the latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 2451–2452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staib F. Cryptococcus neoformans und Guizotia abyssinica (syn. G. oleifera D.C.) (Farbreaktion fur Cr. neoformans). Z Hyg 1962; 148: 466–475.
   Google Scholar
• Hindell MA, Lee AK. Tree preferences of the koala. In: Lee AK, Handasyde KA, Sanson GD, eds. Biology of the Koala. Sydney: Surrey Beatty & Sons, 1990; 117–121.
   Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer TJ, Ellis DH. Serotypes of Australian environmental and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Med Vet Mycol 1993; 31: 401–404.
   Google Scholar
• Hemsley SW, Canfield M, Husband AJ. Immunohistological staining of lymphoid tissue in four Australian marsupial spe-cies using species cross-reactive antibodies. Immunol Cell Biol 1995; 73: 321–325.
   Google Scholar