Predisposition to depression: the role of attachment

References

• Kendler K, Kessler R, Neale M, Heath A, Eaves L. The prediction of major depression in women: toward an integrated etiological model. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993; 150: 833–842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown G, Harris T. Social origins of depression: a study of psychiatric disorder in women. Tavistock, London 1978
   Google Scholar
• Lin N, Dean A, Ensel W. Social support, life events, and depression. Academic, New York 1978
   Google Scholar
• Mazure C. Life stressors as risk factors for depression. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice 1998; 5: 291–313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Keane V. Evolving model of depression as an expression of multiple interacting risk factors. British Journal of Psychiatry 2000; 177: 482–483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post R. Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1992; 149: 999–1010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post R, Weiss R, Leverich G. Recurrent affective disorder: roots in developmental neurobiology and illness progression based on changes in gene expression. Development and Psychopathology 1994; 6: 781–813
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladd C, Owens M, Nemeroff C. Persistent changes in CRF neuronal systems induced by maternal deprivation. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 1212–1217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heim C, Owens M, Plotsky P, Nemeroff C. Endocrine factors in the pathophysiology of mental disorders: persistent changes in corticotrophin-releasing factor systems due to early life stress. relationship to the pathophysiology of major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1997; 33: 185–192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graham Y, Heim C, Goodman S, Miller A, Nemeroff C. The effects of neonatal stress on brain development. Implications for Psychopathology Development and Psychopathology 1999; 11: 545–565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heim C, Nemeroff C. The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 49: 1023–1039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heim C, Owens M, Plotsky P, Nemeroff C. Endocrine factors in corticotrophin-releasing factor systems due to early life stress: relationship to the pathophysiology of major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1997; 33: 185–192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coplan J, Andrews M, Rosenbaum L, et al. Persistent elevations of CSF concentrations of CRF in adult non-human primates exposed to early life stressors: implications for the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the USA 1996; 93: 1619–1623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post R, Weiss S. Emergent properties of neural systems: how focal molecular neurobiological alterations can affect behaviour. Development and Psychopathology 1997; 9: 907–929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel E. A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry 1998; 155: 457–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatz C. The developing brain. Scientific American 1992; 267: 61–67
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatz C. Impulse activity and the patterning of connections during CNS development. Neuron 1990; 5: 745–756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiron C, Jambaque I, Nabbout R, Lounes R, Syrota A, Dulac O. The right brain hemisphere is dominant in human infants. Brain 1997; 120: 1057–1065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S. Traumatic stress and attachment. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1997; 640(Suppl.)164–169
   Google Scholar
• Wittling W. The right hemisphere and the human stress response. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1997; 640(Suppl.)55–59
   Google Scholar
• Spence S, Shapiro D, Zaidel E. The role of the right hemisphere in the physiological and cognitive components of emotional processing. Psychophysiology 1996; 33: 112–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan R, Gratton A. Lateralized effects of medial prefrontal cortex lesions in neuroendocrine and autonomic stress responses in rats. Journal of Neuroscience 1999; 19: 2834–2840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel D. Toward and interpersonal neurobiology of the developing mind: attachment, relationships, ‘mindsight’ and neural integration. Infant Mental Health Journal 2001; 22: 67–94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel D. The developing mind. Guilford, New York 1999
   Google Scholar
• Fonagy P, Steele M, Steele H, Moran G, Higgitt A. The capacity for understanding mental states: the reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal 1991; 12: 201–218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emde R. Development terminable and interminable 1. Innate and motivational factors from infancy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 1988; 69: 23–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby J. Attachment and Loss. Attachment. Hogarth, London 1969; 1
   Google Scholar
• Amini F, Lewis T, Lannon R, et al. Affect, attachment, memory: contributions toward psychobiological integration. Psychiatry 1996; 59: 213–239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraemer G. A psychobiological theory of attachment. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 1992; 15: 493–541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth M, Blehar M, Waters E, Wall S. Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of the strange situation. Earlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 1978
   Google Scholar
• Spangler G, Grossman K. Biobehavioral organization in securely and insecurely attached infants. Child Development 1993; 64: 1439–1450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spangler G, Schieche M. Emotional and adrenocortical responses of infants to the strange situation: the differential function of emotional expression. International Journal of Behavioural Development 1998; 22: 681–706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar L, Broderson L, Nachmias M, Buss K, Rigatuso J. Stress reactivity and attachment security. Developmental Psychopathology 1996; 29: 191–204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main M. Recent studies in attachment. Overview with selected implications for clinical work. Chapter 14. Attachment theory: social, developmental and clinical perspectives, S Goldberg, R Muir, J Kerr. Analytic, Hillsdale, NJ 1995; 407–474
   Google Scholar
• Lyons-Ruth K, Zeanah C. The family context of infant mental health; 1. Affective development in the primary caregiving relationship. Handbook of infant mental health, C Zeanah. Guilford, New York 1993; 14–37
   Google Scholar
• Hertsgaard L, Gunnar M, Erickson M, Nachmias M. Adrenocortical responses to the strange situation in infants with disorganized/disoriented attachment relationships. Child Development 1995; 66: 1100–1106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main M, Hesse E. Parents’ unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status: is frightened or frightening behaviour the linking mechanism?. Attachment in the preschool years, M Greenberg, D Cicchetti, M Cummings. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1990; 161–182
   Google Scholar
• Fraiberg S. Pathological defences in infancy. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 1982; 51: 612–635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen B, Gould E, Sakai R. The vulnerability of the hippocampus to protective and destructive effects of glucocorticoids in relation to stress. British Journal of Psychiatry 1992; 160: 18–24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freud S. Mourning and melancholia. Hogarth, London 1957; XIV, The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud
   Google Scholar
• Klein M. A contribution to the psychogenesis of manic-depressive states, chapter 17. Love, guilt and reparation, R Money-Kyrle. Hogarth, London 1981; 262–289
   Google Scholar
• Klein M. Mourning and its relation to manic-depressive states, chapter 20. Love, guilt and reparation, R Money-Kyrle. Hogarth, London 1981; 344–369
   Google Scholar
• Bibring E. The mechanisms of depression. Affective disorders: psychoanalytic contributions to their study, P Greenacre. International Universities Press, New York 1953; 13–48
   Google Scholar
• Seligman M. Helplessness: on depression, development and death. Freeman, San Francisco 1975
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby J. Sadness, depression and depressive disorder. Loss. Pimlico, London 1998; 245–262, Chapter 14, Vol. 3 of Attachment and Loss
   Google Scholar
• Beck A. Depression: clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. Staples, London 1967
   Google Scholar
• Beck A, Rush A. Cognitive approaches to depression and suicide. Cognitive defects in the development of mental illness, G Serban. Brunner Mazel, New York 1978
   Google Scholar
• Kendler K, Neale M, Kessler R. Childhood parental loss and adult psychopathology in women: a twin study perspective. Archives General Psychiatry 1992; 49: 109–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bifulco A, Harris T, Brown G. Mourning or inadequate care? Reexamining the link between maternal loss in childhood with adult depression and anxiety. Development and Psychopathology 1992; 4: 433–440
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Greenwald S S, Weissman M. Low parental care as a risk factor to lifetime depression in a community sample. Journal of Affective Disorders 1995; 134: 173–180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker G. Parental Characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry 1979; 134: 138–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker G. Parental affectionless control: a risk factor for depression defined. Archives of General Psychiatry 1983b; 40: 956–960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker G, Tupling H. A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1979; 52: 1–10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker G. The measurement of pathogenic parental style and its relevance to psychiatric disorder. Social Psychiatry 1984; 19: 75–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seifer R, Dickstein S. Parental mental illness and infant development. Handbook of infant mental health, C Zeanah. Guilford, New York 1993; 120–142
   Google Scholar
• Rosenblum O, Mazet P, Benony H. Mother and infant affective involvement states and maternal depression. Infant Mental Health Journal 1997; 18: 350–363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Mulder E, Radke-Yarrow M. Attachment with affectively ill and well mothers: concurrent behavioural correlates. Development and Psychopathology 1991; 3: 227–242
   Google Scholar
• Radke-Yarrow M, Cummings E, Kuczynski L, Chapman M. Patterns of attachment in two and three year olds in normal families and families with parental depression. Child Development 1985; 56: 884–893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatt S, Homann E. Parent–child interaction in the etiology of dependent and self-critical depression. Clinical Psychology Review 1992; 12: 47–91
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatt S, Madouras C. Convergences among psychoanalytic and cognitive behavioral theories of depression. Psychoanalytic Psychology 1992; 9: 157–190
   Google Scholar
• Blatt S, Zuroff D. Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: two prototypes for depression. Clinical Psychology Review 1992; 12: 527–562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlattS, Quinlan D, Chevron E, McDonald C, Zuroff D. Dependency and self-criticism. psychological dimensions of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1982; 50: 113–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyne J, Whiffen V. Issues in personality as diathesis for depression: the case of sociotropy dependency and autonomy self-criticism. Psychological Bulletin 1995; 118: 358–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby J. Developmental psychiatry comes of age. American Journal of Psychiatry 1988; 145: 1–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sroufe A. The coherence of individual development: early care, attachment and subsequent developmental issues. American Psychologist 1979; 34: 834–841
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy P. Attachment theory and psychoanalysis. Other, New York 2001
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton C. Continuity and discontinuity of attachment from infancy through adolescence. Child Development 2000; 71: 690–694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters E, Merrick S, Treboux D, Crowell J, Albersheim L. Attachment security from infancy to early adulthood: a 20-year longitudinal study. Child Development 2000; 71: 684–689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman K E, Grossman K, Zimmerman P. A wider view of attachment and exploration. Handbook of attachment: theory, research, clinical applications, J Cassidy, P Shaver. Guilford, New York 1999
   Google Scholar
• Rutter M. Pathways from childhood to adult life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1989; 30: 23–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy P. Prevention, the appropriate target of infant psychotherapy. Plenary Address. Sixth World Congress of the World Association for Infant Mental Health, TampereFinland, 27 July, 1996
   Google Scholar