Which anxiety disorders may differentiate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type with dysthymic disorder from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type alone?

References

• Anderson J C, Williams S, McGee R, Silva P A. DSM-III disorders in pre-adolescent children. Archives of General Psychiatry 1987; 44: 69–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman J, Faraone S, Mick E, Lelon E. Psychiatric comorbidity among referred juveniles with major depression: fact or artifact?. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1995; 34: 579–590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eiraldi R B, Power T J, Nezu C M. Patterns of comorbidity associated with subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among 6–12 year old children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1997; 36: 503–514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs M. The course of childhood onset depressive disorders. Psychiatric Annals 1996; 26: 326–330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolston J L, Rosenthal S L, Riddle M A, Sparrow S S, Cicchetti D, Zimmerman L D. Childhood comorbidity of anxiety/affective disorders and behaviour disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1989; 28: 707–713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs M, Akiskal H S, Gatsonis C, Parrone P L. Childhood-onset dysthymic disorder. Clinical features and prospective naturalistic outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry 1994; 51: 365–374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs M, Paulauskas S, Gatsonis C, Richards C. Depressive disorders in childhood III. a longitudinal study of comorbidity with and risk for conduct disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders 1988; 15: 205–217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannuzza S, Klein R G, Bessler A, Malloy P, LaPadula M. Adult outcome of hyperactive boys: educational achievement occupational rank psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry 1993; 50: 565–576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brent D A, Perper J A, Moritz G, et al. Psychiatric risk factors for adolescent suicide: a case control study. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1993; 32: 521–529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garfinkel B D, Wender P H, Sloman L. Tricyclic antidepressants and methylphenidate treatment of attention deficit disorder in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1983; 2: 343–348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen P S, Martin D, Cantwell D P. Comorbidity in ADHD. implications for research, practice and DSM-V. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1997; 36: 1065–1079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eley T C, Stevenson J. Using genetic analyses to clarify the distinction between depressive and anxious symptoms in children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1999; 27: 105–114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay-Jones R, Brown G W. Types of stressful life events and the onset of depressive and anxiety disorders. Psychological Medicine 1981; 11: 803–815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Last C G, Perrin S, Hersen M, Kazdin A E. DSM-III-R anxiety disorders in children: sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1992; 31: 1070–1076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs M, Devlin B. Internalising disorders in childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1998; 39: 47–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The MTA Cooperative Group A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999; 56: 1073–1086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buitelaar J K, Van-der-Gaag R J, Swaab-Barneveld H, Kuiper M. The prediction of clinical response to methylphenidate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1995; 34: 1025–1032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tannock R, Ickowicz A, Schachar R. Differential effects of methylphenidate on working memory in ADHD children with and without comorbid anxiety. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1995; 34: 886–896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plizka S R, Maas J W, Javors M A, Rogeness G A. Urinary catecholamines in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid anxiety. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1994; 33: 1165–1994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urman R, Ickowicz A, Fulford P, Tannock R. An exaggerated cardiovascular response to methylphenidate in ADHD children with anxiety. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 1995; 5: 29–37
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen P S, Rubio-Stipec M, Canino G, et al. Parent and child contributions to diagnosis of mental disorder: are both informants always necessary?. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1999; 38: 1569–1579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird H R, Gould M S, Staghezza B. Aggregating data from multiple informants in child psychiatry epidemiological research. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1992; 31: 78–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ialongo N, Edelsohn G, Wertharner-Larsson L, Crockett L, Kellam S. The significance of self-reported anxious symptoms in first grade children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1994; 22: 441–455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashani J H, Orvaschel H, Burk J P, Red J C. Informant variance. the issue of parent-child disagreement. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1985; 24: 437–441
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March J S, Swanson J M, Arnold E, et al. Anxiety as a predictor and outcome variable in the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD (MTA). Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2000; 28: 527–541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pliszka S R. Comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with psychiatric disorder: an overview. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1998; 59(Suppl. 7)50–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach T M, Edelbrock C S. Manual for the child behaviour checklist and behaviour profile. University of Vermont, Burlington 1983
   Google Scholar
• Silverman W K, Albano A M. Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. Graywind, Texas 1996
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds C R, Richmond B O. Revised children's manifest anxiety scale: manual. Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles 1985
   Google Scholar
• Taylor E, Schachar R, Thorley G, Wieselberg M. Conduct disorder and hyperactivity: I, Separation of hyperactivity and antisocial conduct in British child psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 149: 760–767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein N B, Baldwin L M, Bishop D S. The McMaster family assessment device. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 1983; 9: 171–180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler D. Wechsler intelligence scale for children, 3rd edn. Psychological Co-operation, Texas 1991
   Google Scholar
• Jastak S, Wilkinson G S. Wide range achievement test-revised. Jastak Assessment Systems, Wilmington, DE 1984
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick B G, Fidell L S. Using Multivariate Statistics, 3rd edn. Harper Collins, New York 1996
   Google Scholar
• Jensen P S, Shervette R E, Xenakis S N, Richters J. Anxiety and depressive disorders in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: new findings. American Journal of Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1203–1209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahey B B, Schaughency E A, Hynd G W, Carlson C L, Nieves N. Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity. comparison of behavioural characteristics of clinic-referred children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1987; 26: 718–723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman J, Faraone S V, Milberger S, et al. A prospective four year follow up study of attention deficit hyperactivity and related disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996; 53: 437–446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willicutt E G, Pennington B F, Chabildas N A, Friedman M C, Alexander J. Psychiatric comorbidity associated with DSM-IV ADHD in an non-referred twin sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1999; 38: 1355–1362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach T M, McConaughy S H, Howell C T. Child/adolescent behavioural and emotional problems: implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin 1987; 101: 212–232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter M, Giller H, Hagell A. Antisocial behaviour by young people. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998
   Google Scholar
• Verhulst F C, Koot H M. Child psychiatric epidemiology: concepts, methods and findings. Sage, Newbury Park, CA 1992
   Google Scholar
• Vance A, Costin J, Barnett R, Maruff P, Luk E, Tonge B. Characteristics of parent- and child-reported anxiety in psychostimulant medication naïve, clinically referred children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT). Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 36: 234–239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flament M E, Cohen D, Choquet M, Jeammet P, Ledoux S. Phenomenology, psychosocial correlates and treatment seeking in major depressiona and dysthymia of adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 2001; 40: 1070–1078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angold A, Costello E J, Erkanli A. Comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1999; 40: 57–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman J, Faraone S, Mick E, Moore P, Lelon E. Child behavior checklist findings further support comorbidity between ADHD and major depression in a referred sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1996; 35: 734–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantwell D P, Baker L. Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: a review and comparison of matched groups. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1992; 31: 432–438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biedel D, Turner S M, Morris T L. Psychopathology of childhood social phobia. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1999; 38: 643–650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albano A M, Chorpita B, Barlow D. Childhood anxiety disorders. Child psychopathology, E J. Mash, R A. Barkley. Guilford, New York 1996; 196–241
   Google Scholar
• Garrison C Z, Addy C L, Jackson K L, McKeown R E, Waller J L. Major depressive disorder and dysthymia in young adolescents. American Journal of Epidemiology 1992; 135: 792–802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biederman J, Faraone S V, Marrs A, et al. Panic disorder and agoraphobia in consecutively referred children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1997; 36: 214–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantwell D P, Baker L. Stability and natural history of DSM-III childhood diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1989; 28: 691–700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor E. Development of clinical services for ADHD. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999; 56: 1097–1099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter M. Resilience in the face of adversity-protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 1985; 147: 598–611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter M. Practitioner review: from research to clinical practice in child psychiatry: retrospect and prospect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1998; 39: 805–816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schachar R, Tannock R, Cunningham C. Treatment. Hyperactivity disorders of childhood, S. Sandberg. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996; 433–476
   Google Scholar