References
- Hirsh RP, Schwartz B. Increased mortality among elderly patients undergoing cataract extraction. Arch Ophthalmol 1983; Ica :1034–7.
- Benson WH, Farber ME, Caplan RJ.Increased mortality rates after cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 1988;95: 1288–92.
- Street DA, Javitt JC. National five-year mortality after inpatient cataract extraction. Am J Ophthalmol 1992; 113:263–8.
- Minassian DC, Mehra V, Johnson GJ. Mortality and cataract: findings from a population-based longitudinal study. Bull WHO 1992;70:219–23.
- Podgor MJ, Cassel OH, Kannel WB.Lens changes and survival in a population-based study. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1438–44.
- Klein R, Moss SE, Klein BEK, DeMets DL. Relation of ocular and systemic factors to survival in diabetes. Arch Intern Med 1989;149: 266–72.
- Cohen DL, Neil HAW, Sparrow J, Thorogood M, Mann JI. Lens opacity and mortality in diabetes. Diabetic Med 1990;7:615–7.
- Thompson JR, Sparrow JM, Gibson JM, Rosenthal AR. Cataract and survival in an elderly nondiabetic population. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111:675–9.
- Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE. Age-related eye disease and survival; the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:333–9.
- Podgor MJ, Kannel WB, Cassel GH, Sperduto RD. Lens changes and the incidence of cardiovascular events among persons with diabetes. Am Heart J 1989;117:642–8.
- The Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group. Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians' Health Study. New Engl J Med 1989; 321:129–35.
- Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958; 53:457–81.
- Mantel N. Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemother Rep 1966;50:163–70.
- Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables (with discussion). J R Stat Soc (B) 1972;34:187–220.
- Kleinbaum D, Kupper L, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods, Belmont, CA: Lifetime Learning Publications, 1982.
- Concato J, Feinstein AR, Holford TR. The risk of determining risk with multivariable models. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:201–I0.
- U.S. Surgeon General. Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. DHHS Publ no. (CDC) 89–8411, 1989.
- West SK, Munoz BE, Emmet EA, Taylor HR. Cigarette smoking and risk of nuclear cataracts. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107:1166–9.
- Christen WG, Manson JE, Seddon JM, Glynn RJ, Buring JE, Rosner B, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of cataract in men. J Am Med Assoc 1992;268:989–93.
- Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Seddon JM, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of cataract surgery in women. J Am Med Assoc 1992;268:994–8.
- Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Seddon JM, Manson JE, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. Confirmation of self-reported
- cataract in the Physicians' Health Study. Ophthalm Epidemiol 1994;1: 85–91.
- Hirsch RP, Schwartz B. Prevalence of circulatory disease among patients undergoing intracapsular cataract extraction. Arch Ophthalmol 1984; 102:1015–8.
- Street DA, Javitt JC, Wang Q, Tielsch JM, Canner JK, Bass EB, Steinberg EP, the Cataract Patient Outcomes Research Team. Atherosclerotic disease in patients undergoing cataract extraction: a nationwide case-control study. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114: 1407–11.
- Hiller R, Sperduto RD, Ederer F. Epidemiologic associations with nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:916–25.
- Klein R, Klein BEK, Jensen SC, Moss SE, Cruickshanks ICJ. The relation of socioeconomic factors to age-related cataract, maculopathy, and impaired vision. Ophthalmology 1994;i0i: 1969–79.
- Klein BEK, Klein R, Moss SE. Prevalence of cataracts in a population-based study of persons with diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology 1985;92:1191–6.
- Bunce GE, Kinoshita J, Horwitz J. Nutritional factors in cataract. Ann Rev Nutr 1990;I0:233–54.
- Taylor A. Associations between nutrition and cataract. Nutr Rev 1989; 47:225–34.
- National Advisory Eye Council. Vision Research, a National Plan: 1994–1998. Report of the Lens and Cataract Panel. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, NIH Publ. No. 93–3186.
- Stadtman ER. Protein oxidation and aging. Science 1992;257:1220-4. Sies H. Review: Strategies of antioxidant defense. Eur J Biochem 1993;215: 213–9.