References
- Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Fine SL. Age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 1988;32:375–413.
- Gass JDM. Stereoscopic Atlas of Macular Diseases. Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company, 1987.
- Bressler SB, Bressler NM, Fine SL et al. Natural course of choroidal neovascular membranes within the foveal avas-cular zone in senile macular degeneration. Am J Ophthal-mol. 1982;93:157–163.
- Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photo-coagulation of subfoveal neovascular lesions in age-related macular degeneration: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:1220–1231.
- Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photo-coagulation of subfoveal recurrent neovascular lesions in age-related macular degeneration: Results of a random-ized clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:1232–1241.
- TAP Study group. Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degen-eration with verteporfin: One-year results of 2 randomized clinical trials: TAP report. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117: 1329–1345.
- Berger AS, Kaplan HJ. Clinical experience with the surgical removal of subfoveal neovascular membranes. Ophthalmol. 1992;99:969–976.
- Lambert HIM, Capone A, Jr., Aaberg TM, Sternberg P, Jr., Mandell BA, Lopez PF. Surgical excision of subfoveal neo-vascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992;113:257–262.
- Thomas MA, Grand MG, Williams DF et al. Surgical management of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmol. 1992;99:952–968.
- Submacular Surgery Trials Pilot Study Investigators. Sub-macular surgery trials pilot trial of laser photocoagulation versus submacular surgery for recurrent choroidal neovas-cularization secondary to age-related macular degenera-tion: I. Ophthalmic outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000; 130:387–407.
- De Juan E, Jr., Machemer R. Vitreous surgery for hemor-rhagic and fibrous complications of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;105:25–29.
- Machemer R, Steinhorst UH. Retinal separation, retino-tomy, and macular translocation: II. A surgical approach for age-related macular degeneration? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1993;231:635–641.
- Ninomiya Y, Lewis JM, Hasegawa T, Tano Y. Retinotomy and foveal translocation for surgical management of sub-foveal choroidal neovascular membranes. Am J Ophthal-mol. 1996;122:613–621.
- Pieramici DJ, De Juan E, Fujii GY, Reynolds SM, Melia M, Humayun M, Schachat AP, Hartranft CD. Limited infe-rior macular translocation for the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:419–428.
- Spaide RF, Guyer DR, McCormick B et al. External beam radiation therapy for choroidal neovascularization. Oph-thalmol. 1998;105:24–30.
- Finger PT, Chakravarthy U, Augsburger JJ. Radiotherapy and the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. External beam radiation therapy is effective in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116:1507–1511.
- Bergink GJ, Hoyng CB, Van der Maazen RW, Vingerling JR, Van Daal WA, Deutman AF. A randomized controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of radiation therapy in the control of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: Radiation versus observa-tion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1998;236:321–325.
- Fung WE. Interferon alpha 2a for treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112: 349–350.
- Danis RP, Ciulla TA, Pratt LM, Anliker W Intravitreal tri-amcinolone acetonide in exudative age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2000;20:244–250.
- Chong NH, Bird AC. Alternative therapies in exudative age related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82:1441–1443.
- Algvere PV, Berglin L, Gouras P, Sheng Y. Transplantation of fetal retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration with subfoveal neovascularization. Gra efe 's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1994;232:707–716.
- Gouras P, Algvere P. Retinal cell transplantation in the macula: New techniques. Vis Res. 1996;36:4121–4125.
- Algvere PV, Berglin L, Gouras P, Sheng Y, Kopp ED. Transplantation of RPE in age-related macular degen-eration: Observations in disciform lesions and dry RPE atrophy. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1997;235: 149–158.
- Kaplan HJ, Del Priore LV, Tezel TH, Berger AS. Retinal pigment epithelial transplantation for subfoveal neovascu-larization in age-related macular degeneration: A clinical trial. The Retina Society, Washington, D.C., September 1998.
- Weisz TM, Humayun MS, De Juan E, Jr., Del Cerro M, Sunness JS, Dagnelie G, Soylu M, Rizzo L, Nussenblatt RB. Allogenic fetal retinal pigment epithelial cell transplant in a patient with geographic atrophy. Retina. 1999;19: 540–545.
- Del Priore LV, Kaplan HJ, Tezel TH, Hayashi N, Green WR. Retinal pigment epithelial cell transplantation after sub-foveal membranectomy in age-related macular degenera-tion: Clinicopathologic correlation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131:472–480.
- Del Priore LV, Kaplan HJ, Berger AS. Retinal pigment epithelial transplantation in the management of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. Seminars Ophthalmol. 1997; 12:45–55.
- Kaplan HJ, Tezel TH, Del Priore LV. Retinal pigment epithelial transplantation in age-related macular degenera-tion [editorial]. Retina. 1998;18:99–102.
- Del Priore LV, Tezel TH. Reattachment rate of human retinal pigment epithelium to layers of human Bruch's membrane. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116;335–341.
- Tezel TH, Del Priore LV, Kaplan HJ. Fate of human retinal pigment epithelial cells seeded onto layers of human Bruch's membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40: 467–476.
- Tezel TH, Del Priore LV. Repopulation of different layers of host human Bruch's membrane by retinal pigment epithelial cell grafts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999; 40:767–774.
- Davis WL, Jones RG, Hagler HK. An electron microscopic histochemical and analytical X-ray microprobe study of calcification in Bruch's membrane from human eyes. J Histochem Cytochem. 1981;29:601–608.
- Moore DJ, Hussain AA, Marshall J. Age-related variation in the hydraulic conductivity of Bruch's membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:1290–1297.
- Sarks SH. Aging and degeneration in the macular region: A clinico-pathological study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1976;60: 324–341.
- Spraul CW, Grossniklaus HE. Characteristics of drusen and Bruch's membrane in postmortem eyes with age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115 :267–273.
- Van der Schaft TL, Mooy CM, De Bruijn WC, Oron FG, Mulder PGH, De Jong PTVM. Histologic features of the early stages of age-related macular degeneration: A statis-tical analysis. Ophthalmol. 1992;99:278–286.
- Green WR, Enger C. Age-related macular degeneration histopathologic studies. Ophthalmol. 1993 ;100:1519–1535.
- Karwatowski WS, Jeffries TE, Duance VC, Albon J, Bailey AJ, Eastly DL. Preparation of Bruch's membrane and analysis of the age-related changes in the structural collagens. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995;79:944–952.
- Karwatowski WS, Jeffries TE, Duance VC, Albon J, Bailey AJ, Eastly DL. Collagen and ageing in Bruch's membrane. Biochem Soc Trans. 1991;19:349S.
- Grossniklaus HE, Green WR. Histopathologic and ultra-structural findings of surgically excised choroidal neovas-cularization. Submacular surgery trials research group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998;116:745–749.
- Tezel TH, Del Priore LV, Kaplan HJ. Harvest and storage of adult human retinal pigment epithelial sheets. Curr Eye Res. 1997;16:802–809.
- Pfeffer B. Improved methodology for cell culture of human and monkey retinal pigment epithelium. Prog Retina Res. 1991;10:251–291.
- Tezel TH, Del Priore LV. Density-dependent growth regulation of pig retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro. Graefe's Arch Clinical and Exp Ophthalmol. 1996;234: S89–S95.
- Ho TC, Del Priore LV. Reattachment of human retinal pigment epithelium to extracellular matrix and human Bruch's membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38: 1110–1118.
- Marshall NJ, Goodwin CJ, Holt SJ. A critical assessment of the use of microculture tetrazolium assays to measure cell growth and function. Growth Regulation. 1995;5:69–84.
- Haugland RP, Larison KD. Fluorescent dyes for assessing vital cell functions. Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals. 5th ed. Eugene, OR: Molecular Probes; 1994:172–180.
- Dawson-Saunders B, Trapp RG. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. 2nd ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange Publications; 1994:117–119.
- Das A, Frank RN, Zhang NL, Turczyn TJ. Ultrastructural localization of extracellular matrix components in human retinal vessels and Bruch's membrane. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:421–429.
- Geng L, Del Priore LV, Tezel TH, Kaplan HJ. Resurfacing of elastin layer and inner collagen layer of human Bruch's membrane in vitro [ARVO Abstracts number 4996]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42;S932.
- Korte GE, Reppucci V, Henkind P. RPE destruction causes choriocapillary atrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984;25:1135–1145.
- Del Priore LV, Hornbeck R, Kaplan HJ et al. Debridement of the pig retinal pigment epithelium in vivo. Arch Oph-thalmol. 1995;113:939–944.
- Del Priore LV, Hornbeck R, Kaplan HJ, Jones Z, Swinn M. Retinal pigment epithelial debridement as a model for the pathogenesis and treatment of macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;122:629–643.
- Leonard DS, Zhang XG, Panozzo G, Sugino IK, Zarbin MA. Clinicopathologic correlation of localized retinal pigment epithelium debridement. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:1094–1109.
- Miller FS, III, Bunt-Milam AH, Kalina RE. Clinical ultra-structural study of thioridazine retinopathy. Ophthalmol. 1980;89:1478–1488.
- Henkind P, Gartner S. The relationship between retinal pigment epithelium and the choriocapillaris. Tr Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1983;103:411 147.
- Kuwabara T, Ishikawa Y, Kaiser-Kupfer MI. Experimental model of gyrate atrophy in animals. Ophthalmol. 1981; 88:331–334.
- Takeuchi M, Itagaki T, Takahashi K, Ohkuma H, Uyama M. Changes in the intermediate stage of retinal degeneration after intravitreal injection of ornithine. Acta Societatis Ophthalmologicae Japonicae. 1993;97:17–28.
- Nasir MA, Sugino I, Zarbin MA. Decreased choriocapil-laris perfusion following surgical excision of choroidal neo-vascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 1997;81:481–489.