References
- Richards BW, Jones FR, Younge BR. Causes and prognosis in 4278 cases of paralysis of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens cranial nerves. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992;113: 489–496'
- Rucker CW. Paralysis of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves. Am J Ophthalmol. 1958;46:787–794.
- Rucker CW. The causes of paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves. Am J Ophthalmol. 1966;61: 1293–1298.
- Rush JA, Younge BR. Paralysis of cranial nerves III, IV and VI. Arch Ophthalmol. 198 I;99:76–79.
- Khawam E, Scott AB, Jampolsky A. Acquired superior oblique palsy. Diagnosis and management. Arch Ophthalmol. 1967;77:761–768.
- Burger LJ, Kalvin NH, Smith JL. Acquired lesions of the fourth cranial nerve. Brain. 1970;93:567–574.
- Murray RS, Ajax ET. Bilateral trochlear nerve Palsies. A clinicoanatomic correlate. J Gun Neuro-ophthalmoL 1985;5:57–58.
- Keane JR. Neurologic eye signs following motorcycle accidents. Arch NeuroL 1989;46:761–762.
- Lepore FE. Disorders of ocular motility following head trauma. Arch NeuroL 1995;52:924–926.
- Mansour AM, Reinecke RD. Central trochlear palsy. Surv Ophthalmol. 1986;30:279–297.
- Younge BR, Sutula E Analysis of trochlear nerve palsies. Diagnosis, etiology, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 1977;52:11–18.
- Cobbs WH, Schatz NJ, Savino PJ. Nontraumatic bilateral fourth nerve palsies: a dorsal midbrain sign. Ann NeuroL 1980;8:107–108.
- Lee J, Flynn JT. Bilateral superior oblique palsy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1985;69:508–513.
- Mori M, Ohira A, Goto K, Oszawa T. Acquired bilateral superior oblique palsies. Jpn J Clin Ophthalmol. 1988;42:65–68.
- Guy JR, Friedman WF, Mickle JP. Bilateral trochlear nerve paresis in hydrocephalus. J Gun Neuro-ophthalmoL 1989;9:105—I II.
- Dussaux P, Plas J, Brion S. Parésie bilaterale du muscle grand oblique, par hématome de la calotte mésencéphalique. Rev NeuroL 1990;146:45–47.
- Tachibana H, Mimura 0, Shiomi M, Oono T. Bilateral trochlear nerve palsies from brainstem hematoma. J Gun Neuro-ophthalmoL 1990;10:35–37.
- Orwitz JI, Galetta SL, Teener JW. Bilateral trochlear nerve palsy and downbeat nystagmus in a patient with cephalic tetanus. Neurology.1997;49:894–895.
- Keane JR. Fourth nerve palsy: historical review and study of 215 inpatients. Neurology. 1993;43: 2439–2443.
- Sadun F, De Negri AM, Santopadre P, Pivetti-Pezzi R Bilateral trochlear nerve palsy associated with cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Neuro-ophthalmoL 1999;19: 1'8–119.
- Krohel GB, Mansour AM, Petersen WL, Evenchik B. Isolated trochlear nerve palsy secondary to a juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. J Clin Neuro-ophthalmoL 1982;2:119–123.
- Maclean H, Ironside J, Dhillon B. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;I 12:269–271.
- Astle WF, Miller SJ. Bilateral fluctuating trochlear nerve palsy secondary to cerebellar astrocytoma. Can J Ophthalmol. 1994;24:34–38.
- Barr DB, McFadzean RM, Hadley D, Ramsay A, Houston CA, Russell D. Acquired bilateral superior oblique palsy: a localising sign in the dorsal midbrain. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1997;7:271–276.
- Santoreneos S, Hanieh A, Jorgensen RE. Trochlear nerve schwannomas occurring in patients without neurofibromatosis: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 1997;41:282–287.
- Ohtsuka K, Hashimoto M, Nakamura Y. Bilateral trochlear nerve palsy with arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;125:268–270.
- Burde RM, Savino FJ, Trobe JD. Clinical decisions in neuro- ophthalmology. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992;257–281.
- Simons BD, Saunders TG, Siatkowski RM, Feuer WJ, Lavina AM, Capö H, Mulioz M, Flynn JT. Outcome of surgical management of superior oblique palsy: a study of 123 cases. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 1996;13: 273–282.
- Kayama T, Tominaga T, Yoshimoto T. Management of pilocytic astrocytoma. Neurosurg Rev. 1996; 19:217–230.