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Ophthalmic Epidemiology Volume 10, 2003 - Issue 2
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Research Article

Do multiple families alter estimates of risk for age-related cataract in a population-based study? The Beaver Dam Eye Study

Barbara E.K. Klein Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin
,
Ronald Klein Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin
,
Kristine E. Lee Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin
&
Emily L. Moore Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin
Pages 97-106 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Clayton RM, Cuthbert J, Duffy J, et al. Some risk factors associated with cataract in SE Scotland: A pilot study. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1982;1oz:331–336.
  • Harding JJ, Van Heyninger R. Drugs including alcohol that act as risk factors for cataract, and possible protection against cataract by aspirin-like analgesics and cyclopenthiazide. Br J Ophthalmol. 1988;72:809–814.
  • Klein BEK, Klein R, Lee KE. Renal function abnormalities and incident cataract after a five-year interval: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Curr Eye Res. 1988;17:720–725.
  • Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BEK, Klein R. Ultraviolet light exposure and lens opacities: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Publ Health. 1992;82: 1658–1662.
  • Klein BEK, Klein R, Linton KLP. Prevalence of age-related lens opacities in a population: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:546–552.
  • Cumming RG, Mitchell P. Alcohol, smoking, and cataracts: The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:1296–1303.
  • Hiller R, Sperduto RD, Podgor MJ, et al. Cigarette smoking and the risk of development of lens opacities: The Framingham Studies. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115: I13—I18.
  • Klein BEK, Klein R, Linton KLP, Franke T. Cigarette smoking and lens opacities: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Prey Med. 1993;9: 27–30.
  • Klein BEK, Klein R, Jensen SC, Linton KLP. Hypertension and lens opacities from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119: 640–646.
  • Klein BEK, Klein R, Ritter LL. Is there evidence of an estrogen effect on age-related lens opacities? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:85–91.
  • Anonymous. Familial aggregation of lens opacities: The Framingham Eye Study and the Framingham Offspring Eye Study. Am J EpidemioL 1994;140:555–564.
  • Heiba IM, Elston RC, Klein BEK, Klein R. Genetic etiology of nuclear cataract: Evidence for a major gene. Am J Med Genet. 1993; 47:1208–1214.
  • Heiba IM, Elston RC, Klein BEK, Klein R. Evidence for a major gene for cortical cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis ScL 1995;36: 227–235.
  • Hammond CJ, Snieder H, Spector TD, Gilbert CE. Genetic and environmental factors in age-related nuclear cataracts in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1786–1790.
  • Hammond CJ, Duncan D, Snieder H, et al. The heritability of age-related cortical cataract: The Twin Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis ScL 2001;42:601–605.
  • Evolutionary genetics of quantitative characters. In: Hartl DL, Clark AG, editors. Principles of Population Genetics, 2nd ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., 1989: Chapt. 8, PP 435–441.
  • Klein R, Klein BEK, Linton KLP, DeMets Dl. The Beaver Dam Eye Study: Visual acuity. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:1310–1315.
  • Klein BEK, Klein R, Moss SE. Incident cataract surgery. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:573–580.
  • Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE. Age-related eye disease and survival. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:333–339.
  • Klein R, Klein BEK. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Manual of Operations. Springfield, VA: US Dept of Commerce, NTIS accession no. PB 91–149823,1991.
  • Liang KY, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika. 1986;73: 13–22.
  • Zeger SL, Liang KY. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics. 1986;42:121–130.
  • SAS Institute. SAS/STAT users guide. Version 6, 4th edition. Cary NC: SAS Institute, 1989.

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