References
- Rahmani B, Tielsch JM, Katz J, et al. The cause-specific prevalence of visual impairment in an urban population. The Baltimore Eye Survey. Ophthalmology. 1996; 103(10:1721–1726.
- Munoz B, West SK, Rubin GS, et al. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in a population of older Americans: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;I18(6):819–825.
- Dana MR, Tielsch JM, Enger C, et al. Visual impairment in a rural Appalachian community. Prevalence and causes. J Am Med Assoc. 1990; 264(18):24.00-2405.
- Klaver CC, Wolfs RC, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, De Jong PT. Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998; i16(5):653–658.
- Hirvela H, Laatikainen L. Visual acuity in a population aged 70 years or older; prevalence and causes of visual impairment. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1995;73(2):99–104.
- Ponte F, Giuffre G, Giammanco R. Prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in the Casteldaccia Eye Study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1994;232(8):469–4.72.
- Attebo K, Mitchell P, Smith W. Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1996;103(3): 357–364.
- Wang JJ, Foran S, Mitchell P. Age-specific prevalence and causes of bilateral and unilateral visual impairment in older Australians: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;28(4): 268–273.
- Weih LM, VanNewkirk MR, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Age-specific causes of bilateral visual impairment. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000; 118(2):264–269.
- VanNewkirk MR, Weih L, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Cause-specific prevalence of bilateral visual impairment in Victoria, Australia: the Visual Impairment Project. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(5): 960–967.
- The International AMD Epidemiological Study Group. An international classification and grading system for age-related maculopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39(5): 367–374.
- Cooper RL. Blind registrations in Western Australia: a five-year study. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol. 1990;18(4): 421–426.
- Grey RH, Burns Cox CJ, Hughes A. Blind and partial sight registration in Avon. Br J Ophthalmol. 1989;73(2):88–94.
- Thompson JR, Du L, Rosenthal AR. Recent trends in the registration of blindness and partial sight in Leicestershire. Br J Ophthalmol. 1989;73(2):95–99.
- Mitchell P, Smith W, Attebo K, Wang H. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(10): 1450–1460.
- Mitchell P, Smith W, Attebo K, Healey PR. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1996;103(10): 1661–1669.
- Klein R, Klein BEK, Linton KL, De Mets DL. The Beaver Dam Eye Study: visual acuity. Ophthalmology. 1991;98(8):1310–1315.
- Mitchell P, Cumming RG, Attebo K, Panchapakesan J. Prevalence of cataract in Australia: the Blue Mountains eye study. Ophthalmology. 1997;104(4): 581–588.
- World Health Organization website: www.who.int/pbd/pb1/img/icdio.gif
- Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Smith W, Cumming RG, Attebo K. Impact of visual impairment on use of community support services by elderly persons: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis ScL 1999;40W:12–19.
- Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Smith W, Leeder SR. Factors associated with use of community support services in an older Australian population. Aust NZ J Publ Health. 1999;23(2): 147–153.
- Mitchell P, Hayes P, Wang JJ. Visual impairment in nursing home residents: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Med J Aust. 1997;166(2): 73–76.
- Ivers RQ, Cumming RG, Mitchell P, Attebo K. Visual impairment and falls in older adults: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 199846(0:58–4
- McCarty CA, Nanjan MB, Taylor HR. Vision impairment predicts 5 year mortality. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85(3):322–326.
- Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Smith W. Vision and low self-rated health: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis ScL 2000;41(1): 49–54.
- Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Simpson JM, Cumming RG, Smith W. Visual impairment, age-related cataract, and mortality. Arch OphthalmoL 2001;119(8):1186–1190.