References
- King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH, Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: Prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998;21:1414–31.
- Tan MH, Wornell CM. Diabetes mellitus in Canada. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991;14:53–8.
- Office of Minority Health Resources Center. Closing the Gap. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 1989.
- National Society to Prevent Blindness. Visual problems in the US. Data, analysis, definitions, data sources, detailed tables, analysis, interpretation. New York: National Society to Prevent Blindness, 1980: 1–46.
- Public health focus: prevention of blindness associated with diabetic retinopathy. MIVIWR 1993;42:191–5.
- Evans JR. Causes of blindness and partial sight in England and Wales 1990–1991. Studies on Medical Population Subjects, No. 57. London: HMSO, 1995.
- Kahn HA, Hiller R. Blindness caused by diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78:58–67.
- Sprafka JIM, Fritsche TL, Baker R, et al. Prevalence of undiagnosed eye disease in high-risk diabetic individuals. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150:857–61.
- Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. DRS Report No. 3: Four risk factors for severe visual loss in diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:654-5. to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Group. ETDRS Report No. I: Photocoagulation for macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 1985;103: 1796–1806.
- Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Group. ETDRS Report No. 2: Treatment techniques for photocoagulation of diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 1987;94: 761–74.
- Foulds WS, McCuish A, Barrie T, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in West Scotland: its detection and prevalence and the cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening programme. Health Bull (Edinb.) 1983;41:3 18–26.
- Javitt JC, Canner JK, Sommer A. Cost-effectiveness of current approaches to the control of retinopathy in Type I diabetics. Ophthalmology 1989;6:255–64.
- Javitt JC, Canner JK, Frank RG, Steinwachs DM, Sommer, A. Detecting and treating retinopathy in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus: a health policy model. Ophthalmology 1990;7:483–95.
- Javitt JC, Aiello LP, Bassi L, Chiang YP, Canner JK. Detecting and treating retinopathy in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus: savings associated with improved implementation of current guidelines. Ophthalmology 1991;8: 1565–74.
- Dasbach EJ, Fryback DG, Newcomb PA, Klein R, Klein BEK. Cost-effectiveness of strategies for detecting diabetic retinopathy. Med Care 1991;2:20–39.
- Sculpher MJ, Buxton MJ, Ferguson BA, et al. A relative cost-effectiveness analysis of different methods of screening for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Med 1991;8: 644–50.
- Fendrick AM, Javitt JC, Chiang YP. Cost-effectiveness of screening for diabetic retinopathy. Int J Technol Assessment Health Care 1992;8: 694–707.
- Lairson DR, Pugh JA, Kapadia AS, et al. Cost-effectiveness of alternative methods for diabetic retinopathy screening. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1369–77.
- Javitt JC, Ferris FL, Aiello LP, et al. Preventive eye care in people with diabetes is cost-saving to the federal government. Diabetes Care 1994;17: 909–17.
- Crijns H, Casparie AF, Hendrikse E Future need of eye care for patients with diabetes mellitus, costs and effectiveness (in Dutch). Nederl Tschr Geneesk 1995;13:1336–41.
- Davies R, Sullivan P, Canning C. Simulation of diabetic eye disease to compare screening policies. Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80:945–50.
- Matz H, Falk M, Gottinger W, Kieselbach G. Cost-benefit analysis of diabetic eye disease. Ophthalmologica 1996;210:348–53.
- Simmons D, Meadows KA, Williams DRR. Knowledge of diabetes in Asians and Europeans with and without diabetes: the Coventry diabetes study. Diabetic Med 1991;8:651–6.
- Consumer Price Index, Catalogue # 62-010-XPB, Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1997.