387
Views
135
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Gender and blindness: a meta-analysis of population-based prevalence surveys

, , &
Pages 39-56 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • World Health Organisation. Global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness (WHO/PBL/97.61). Geneva: WHO, 1997.
  • Zhang SY, Zou LH, Gao YG, Di Y, Wang XD. National epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in China. Chin Med J 1992;105:603–8.
  • Schwartz CE, Huss R, Hopkins A, Dadjim B, Madjitoloum P, Henault C, Klauss V. Blindness and visual impairment in a region endemic for onchocerciasis in the Central African Republic. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81: 443–7.
  • Balo K, Negrel A-D. Les cause de cécité au Togo. J Fr Ophtalmol 1989;12:291–5.
  • Negrel A-D, Avognon Z, Minassian DC, Babagbeto M, Oussa G, Bassabi A. La cécité au Benin. Med Trop 1995;55:409–14.
  • Negrel A-D, Massembo-Yako B, Botaka E, Minassian DC, Coddy-Zitsamélé R. Prevalence et cause de la cécité au Congo. Bull WHO 1990;68:237–43.
  • Zhang XL, et al. Prevalence of blindness ad eye diseases in an outer suburban district of Beijing. Chung-hua Yen-ko Tsa-chih 1984;20:99–102.
  • Hu C, et al. An epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in Shunyi county, Beijing. Chung-hua Yen-ko Tsa-chih 1988;24:322–6.
  • Zang GQ. An epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in Shanghai. Chung-hua Yen-ko Tsa-chih 1988;24:327–30.
  • Taylor HR, Katala S, Munoz B, Turner V. Increase in mortality associated with blindness in rural Africa. Bull WHO 1991;69:335–8.
  • Kirkwood B, Smith P, Marshall T, Prost A. Relationships between mortality, visual acuity and microfilarial load in the area of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1983;77:862–8.
  • Prost A, Paris E L'incidence de la cécité et ses aspects epidémiologiques dans une region rurale de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Bull WHO 1983;61:491–9.
  • Courtright P, Kim SH, Lee HS, Lewallen S. Excess mortality associated with blindness in leprosy patients in Korea. Leprosy Rev 1997;68:326–30.
  • Hiller R, Sperduto RD, Ederer E Epidemiologic associations with nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:916–25.
  • Klein R, Klein BEK, Jensen SC, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The relation of socio-economic factors to age-related cataract, maculopathy, and impaired vision: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1994;tot:1969–79.
  • The Italian-American Cataract Study Group. Risk factors for age-related cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:541.
  • West SK, Valmadrid CT. Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract. Surv Ophthalmol 1995;39:323–34.
  • Chatterjee A, Milton RC, Thyle S. Prevalence and aetiology of cataract in Punjab. Br J Ophthalmol 1982;66:35–42.
  • Courtright P, Sheppard J, Schachter JS, Said ME, Dawson CR. Trachoma and blindness in the Nile Delta: current patterns and projections for the future in the rural Egyptian population. Br J Ophthalmol 1989;73:536-4.0.
  • Congdon N, West S, Vitale S, et al. Exposure to children and risk of active trachoma in Tanzanian women. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:366–72.
  • Evans TG, Ranson MK. The global burden of trachomatous visual impairment: II: Assessing the burden. Int Ophthalmol 1995–6;19: 271–80.
  • Remme J, Ba 0, Dadzie KY, Karam M. A force-of-infection model for onchocerciasis and its applications in the epidemiological evaluation of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River basin area. Bull WHO 1986;64:667–81.
  • Akogun OB. Eye lesions, blindness and visual impairment in the Taraba river valley, Nigeria and their relation to onchocercal microfilariae in skin. Acta Trop 1992;51:143–9.
  • Adeoye A. Survey of blindness in rural communities of south-western Nigeria. Trop Med Int Health 1996;I:672–6.
  • Klein BEK, Klein R, Sponsel WE, Franke T, Cantor LB, Martone J, Menage MI Prevalence of glaucoma: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1992;99:1499–1504.
  • Wensor MD, McCarty CA, Stanislavsky YL, Liningston PM, Taylor HR.The prevalence of glaucoma in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project. Ophthalmology 1998;105:733–9.
  • Mitchell P, Smith W, Attebo K, Healey PR. Prevalence of open—angle glaucoma in Australia. The Blue Mountains Study. Ophthalmology 1996;103:1661–9.
  • Leske MC, Connell AM, Wu SY, Hyman LG, Schachat. Risk factors for open—angle glaucoma. The Barbados Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:918–24.
  • Buhrmann RR, Quigley HA, Barron Y, et al. Prevalence of glaucoma in a rural East African population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:40–8.
  • Congdon N, Wang F, Tielsch JM. Issues in the epidemiology and population-based screening for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 1992;36:411–423
  • Yu Q, Xu J, Zhu S, Liu Q. Epidemiological survey of primary angle closure glaucoma in Doumen. Eye Science 1995;II: 5–8.
  • Hu Z, Zhao JL, Dong FT, et al. An epidemiologic investigation of glaucoma in Beijing and Shun-yi County. Chung-hua Yen-ko Tsa-chih 1989;25:115–8.
  • Seah SK, Foster PJ, Chew PT, et al. Incidence of acute primary angle closure glaucoma in Singapore. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115: 1436–9.
  • Klein R, Klein BEK, Linton KL. Prevalence of age related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam eye Study. Ophthalmology 1992;99:933–43.
  • Mitchell P, Smith W. Attebo K, Wong H. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1995;102: 1450-6o.
  • Vingerling JR, Dielemans I, Hofman A, et al. The prevalence of age-related maculopathy in the Rotterdam Study. Ophthalmology 1995;102:205–10.
  • Smith W, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Gender, oestrogen, hormone replacement and age-related macular degeneration: results from the Blue Mountain Eye Study. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 1997;25(Suppl I):513–5.
  • Angra SK, Murthy GVS, Gupta SK, Angra V. Cataract related blindness in India & its social implications. Indian J Med Res 1997;106:312–24.
  • Fletcher AE, Monoghue M, Devavaram J, Thulasiraj RD, Scott S, Abdalla M, Shanmugham CAK, Murugan PB. Low uptake of eye services in rural India. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;, 17:1393–9.
  • Courtright P, Kanjaloti S, Lewallen S. Barriers to acceptance of cataract surgery among patients presenting to district hospitals in rural Malawi. Trop Geogr Med 1995;47:15–8:
  • Brilliant CE, Lepkowski JM, Zwita B, Thulasiraj RD, the Operations Research Group. Social determinants of cataract surgery utilisation in South India. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:584–9.
  • West S, Lynch M, Munoz B, Katala S. Predicting surgical compliance in a cohort of women with trichiasis. Int Ophthalmol 1994;18:105–9.
  • Courtright P. Acceptance of surgery for trichiasis among rural Malawian women. East Afr Med J 1994;71:803–4.
  • Su XL, Liu SR. Changing prevalence of blindness in 30 years in Guangdong Province. Chung-hua Yen-ko Tsa-chih 1990;26:108–10.
  • Mao WS, Li SZ, Wu LZ, Guan SS, Wu ZY, Ye TC, Xu JJ, Peng MD. The epidemiological survey of blindness in Guangdong, China. Eye Sci 1985;I:103–8.
  • Klein R, Klein BEK, Lee KE. Changes in visual acuity in a population. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1996;103:1169–78.
  • Meddings D, McGrace KM, Barer ML, Hertzman C, Sheps SB, Evans RG, Kazanjian A. The eyes have it: cataract surgery and changing patterns of outpatient surgery. Med Care Res Rev 1997;54:286–300.
  • Said, ME, Goldstein H, Korra A, El-Kashlan K. Blindness prevalence rates in Egypt: A comparison of random and self-selected samples of urban and rural residents, by affliction and etiology. Health Serv Report 1973;88:89–96.
  • Wolfson EM, Fedewa L, Young SA. Trachoma: a Women's Health Issue. (Revised Edition). New York: Global Alliance for Women's Health, 1999.
  • Tielsch JIM, Sommer A, Witt K, Katz J, Royall RM. The Baltimore Eye Survey Research Group. Blindness and visual impairment in an American urban population. Arch Ophthalmol 1990;108:286–90.
  • Wilson MR, Mansour M, Ross-Degnan D, Moukouri E, Fobi G,Alemayehu W, Martone JF, Casey R, Bazargan M. Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in the extreme north province of Cameroon,West Africa. Ophthalm Epidemiol 1996;3:23–33.
  • Cerulli L, Cedrone C, Assefa C, Scuderi GL. Assessment of visual status of the population in seven regions of Ethiopia. Rev Int Trachome 1984;2–4:127–35.
  • Zerihun N, Mabey D. Blindness and low vision in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: Results of a population-based survey. Ophthalm Epidemiol
  • Courtright P, Klungsøyr P, Lewallen S, Hendriksen TH. The epidemiology of blindness and Ethiopia: The role of gender. Trop Geogr Med 1993;45:168–70.
  • Faal H, Minassian D, Sowa S, Foster A. National survey of blindness and low vision in The Gambia: Results. Br J Ophthalmol 1989;73:82–7.
  • Moll AC, Van der Linden AJH, Hermans J, De Keizer RJVV. Prevalence of blindness and low vision of people over 30 years in in the Wenchi district, Ghana, in relation to eye care programmes. Br J Ophthalmol 1994;78:275–9.
  • Whitfield R, Schwab L, Ross- Swartwood J. Blindness and eye disease in Kenya: ocular status survey results from the Kenya Rural Blindness Prevention project. Br J Ophthalmol 1990;74:333–40.
  • Chirambo MC, Tielsch JM,West KP, Katz J, Tizazu T, Schwab L, Johnson G, Swartwood J, Taylor HR, Sommer A. Blindness and visual ipairment in southern Malawi. Bull WHO 1986;64:567–72.
  • Kortlang C, Koster JCA, Coulibaly S, Dubbeldam RP. Prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in the region of Ségou, Mali.A baseline survey for primary eye care programme. Trop Med Int Health 1996;1:314–9.
  • Anonymous. Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness, Morocco.WHO Weekly Epidemiol Rec 1994;18(6):129–31.
  • Kabo AM. Prévalence de la cécité au Niger. Rev Int Trachome Pathol Ocul Trop Subtrop Sante Publ 1983:55–62.
  • Ezepue UF. Magnitude and causes of blindness and low vision in Anambra State of Nigeria (Results of 1992 point prevalence survey). Publ Health 1997;111(5):305–9.
  • Fafowora OF. Prevalence of blindness in a rural ophthalmically underserved Nigerian community. West Afr J Med 1996;15:228–31.
  • Cook CD, Knight SE, Crofton- Briggs I. Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in northern KwaZulu. South Afr Med J 1993;83:590–3.
  • Bucher PJM, Ijsselmuiden CB. Prevalence and causes of blindness in the Northern Transvaal. Br J Ophthalmol 1985;72:721–6.
  • Tizazu T, Mburu FM. Prevalence and cause of vision loss in southern Sudan. Soc Sci Med 1983;17: 1785–8.
  • Rapoza P,West SK, Katala SJ, Taylor HR. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in central Tanzania. Int Ophthalmol 1991;15:123–9.
  • Ayed S, Negrel A-D, Nabli M, Kamel N, Jebri A-M, Siddhom JM. Prévalence et causes de la cécité en Republique Tunisienne: Résultats d’une enquete nationale conduite en 1993. Cah Santé 1998; 8:275–82.
  • Sukwa LY, Mwandu DH, Ngalande TC, Siziya S, Mukunyuandela M. Prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in the Luapula Valley. Trop Geogr Med 1988;40:237–40.
  • Khan MU, Haque E, Khan MR. Prevalence & causes of blindness in rural Bangladesh. Indian J Med Res 1985;82:257–62.
  • Ali SM, Shahidullah M, Ali SMK. Prevalence and causes of blindness in a rural community of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Med Res Council Bull 1986;12:18–25.
  • Zhao JL, Jia LJ, Sui RF, Ellwein LB. Prevalence of blindness and cataract surgery in Shunyi county, China. Am J Ophthalmol 1998;126: 506–14.
  • Zhu SP, Xu JJ,Yu Q. An epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in persons over 45 years old in Doumen county. Chung-hua Yen-ko Tsa-chih 1994; 30:386–8.
  • Lo WB, Fang QX, Zhou JH, Han JJ, Kuang JB, Zhou XF,Yao XL, Tang ZW, Chang Y, Lo B,Wang D, Lin N, Chang SY,Wei JC, Chang YL,Wu HQ. The epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in Sichuan Province, China. Eye Sci 1987;3:223–6.
  • Zhu SP, Xu JJ,Yu Q, Liu Q. The etiology of vision impairment in a target population. Eye Sci 1996;12: 118–20.
  • Mao W, Xu J,Wu Z, Zhu S, Zhang X, Li X, Li X, Deng D, Chen B, Li S,Wu L. Survey and treatment of the blinds in Xinhui, Guangdong, China.Yen-ko Hsuen-pao 1992;8: 147–51.
  • Shang CX, et al. An epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in Yunnan Province. Chung-hua Yen-ko Tsa-chih 1988; 24:331–3.
  • Zhou YF, et al. An epidemiological survey of blindness and low-vision in Chongqing. Chung-hua Yen-ko Tsa-chih 1989;25:296–9.
  • Xu JJ, Yu Q. An epidemiological survey and treatment of blindness in Kaipin county of Guangdong province. Chung-hua Yen-ko Tsa-chih 1992;28:265–6.
  • Li SZ, Xu JJ, He ME, Wu KL, Munoz SR, Ellwein LB. A survey of blindness and cataract surgery in Doumen County, China. Ophthalmology 1999;106:1602–8.
  • Limburg H, Kumar R, Indrayan A, Sundaram KR. Rapid assessment of prevalence of cataract blindness at district level. Int J Epidemiol 1997;26:1049–54.
  • Dandona L, Dandona R, Naduvilath TJ, McCarty CA, Nanda A, Srinivas M, Mandal P, Rao GN. Is current eye-care-policy focus almost exclusively on cataract adequate to deal with blindness in India? Lancet 1998; 351:1312–6.
  • Mansour AM, Kassak K, Chaya M, Hourani T, Sibai A, Alameddine MN. National survey of blindness and low vision in Lebanon. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;8i:905–6.
  • Baasanhu J, Johnson GJ, Burendei G, Minassian DC. Prevalence and cause of blindness and visual impairment in Mongolia: a survey of populations aged 40 years and older. Bull WHO 1994:72: 771–6.
  • Pokharel GP, Regmi G, Shrestha SK, Negrel A-D, Ellwein LB. Prevalence of blindness and cataract surgery in Nepal. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:600–5.
  • Brilliant LB, Pokhrel RP, Grasset NC, Lepkowski JM, Kolstad A, Hawks W, Pararajasegaram R, Brilliant GE, Gilbert S, Shrestha SR, Kuo J. Epidemiology of blindness in Nepal. Bull WHO 1985;63:375–86.
  • Memon MS. Prevalence and causes of blindness in Pakistan. J Pakistan Med Assoc 1992;42:196–8.
  • Tabbara KF, Ross-Degnan D. Blindness in Saudi Arabia. J Am Med Assoc 1986;255:3378–84.
  • Al Faran MF, Al-Rajhi AA, Al-Omar OM, Al-Ghamdi SA, Jabak M. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in the South Western region of Saudi Arabia. Int Ophthalmol 1993;17: 161–5.
  • Newland HS, Woodward AJ, Taumoepeau LA, Karunaratne NS, Duguid IGM. Epidemiology of blindness and visual impairment in the kingdom of Tonga. Br J Ophthalmol 1994;78:344–8.
  • Negrel A-D, Minassian DC, Sayek E Blindness and low vision in southeast Turkey. Ophthalm Epidemiol 1996;3:127–34.
  • Newland HS, Harris MF, Walland M, McKnight D, Galbraith JEK, Iwasaki W, Momomura K. Epidemiology of blindness and visual impairment in Vanuatu. Bull WHO 1992;70:369–72.
  • Taylor HR, Livingston PM, Stanislavsky YL, McCarty CA. Visual impairment in Australia: Distance visual acuity, near vision and visual field findings of the Melbourne visual impairment project. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 123:328–37.
  • Stocks NP, Newland H, Hiller J. The epidemiology of blindness and trachoma in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara of South Australia. Med J Australia 1994;160: 751–6.
  • Casson R, Giles L, Newland HS. Prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in an elderly urban population. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 1996;24:239–43.
  • Newland HS, Hiller JE, Casson RJ, Obermeder S. Prevalence and causes of blindness in the South Australian population aged 50 and over. Ophthalm Epidemiol 1995;3: 97–107.
  • Taylor HR. Prevalence and causes of blindness in Australian aborigines. Med J Australia 1980;1: 71–6.
  • Attebo K, Mitchell P, Smith W. Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia: The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1996;103:357–64.
  • Vassileva P, Gieser SC, Vitale S, Cholakova T, Katz J, West S. Blindness and visual impairment in Western Bulgaria. Ophthalm Epidemiol 1996;3:143–9.
  • Reidy A, Minassian DC, Vafidis G, Joseph J, Farrow S, Wu J, Desai P, Connolly A. Prevalence of serious eye disease and visual impairment in a north London population: population based, cross sectional study. Br Med J 1998;316: 1643–6.
  • Rouhiainen H, Terasvirta M. Kuopio Eye Survey. Acta Ophthalmol 1990;68:554–8.
  • Ponte F, Giuffre G, Giammanco R. Prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in the Casteldaccia Eye Study. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1994;232:469–72.
  • Klaver CCW, Wolfs RCW, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, De Jong PTVM. Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population. The Rotterdam Study. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:653–8.
  • Ho T, Law NM, Goh LG, Yoong T. Eye diseases in the elderly in Singapore. Singapore Med J 1997; 38:149–55.
  • Dana MR, Tielsch JIM, Enger C, Joyce E, Santoli JM, Taylor HR. Visual impairment in a rural Appalachian community. prevalence and causes. J Am Med Assoc 1990;264:2400–5.
  • Klein R, Klein BEK, Linton KLP, DeMets DL. The Beaver Dam Eye Study: Visual acuity. Ophthalmology 1991;98:1310–5.
  • Rubin GS, West SK, Munoz B, Bandeen-Roche K, Zeger S, Schein 0, Fried LP, The SEE Project Team. A comprehensive assessment of visual impairment in a population of older Americans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38: 557–68.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.