Uncorrected binocular distance visual impairment in U.S. Hispanic children and adolescents

References

• Kleinstein RN. Vision disorders in public health. Ann Rev Public Health 1984;5:369–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evans J. Relationships between visual skills and behavioral disorders. J Am Optom Assoc 1968; 39:632–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flax N. The contribution of visual problems to learning disability. J Am Optom Assoc 1970;41:841–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snow R. The relationship between vision and juvenile delinquency. J Am Optom Assoc 1983;54:509-II.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts J, Ludford J. Monocular visual acuity of persons 4-74 years: United States 1971-1972. Vital Health Stat I 1977;201:1–67.
   Google Scholar
• Ganley JP, Roberts J. Eye conditions and related need for medical care. Vital Health Stat II 1983;228:1–69.
   Google Scholar
• Angle J, Wissmann DA. The epidemiology of myopia. Am J Epidemiol 1980;ii1:220–8.
   Google Scholar
• Sperduto RD, Seigel D, Roberts J, et al. Prevalence of myopia in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 1983;101:405–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macias EP, Lee DA, Oelrich FO. Refractive errors and visual acuity impairment among self-selected Hispanic, white, and black adults examined by the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic. J Am Optom Assoc 1999;70: 724–34.
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez AG, Villarreal R, Suarez L, Flores ET. The emerging Hispanic population: a foundation for cancer prevention and control. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;18:I–9.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez JF, Ezzati T, White AA. Plan and operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1982–1984. Vital Health Stat I 1985;19: 1–429.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics. Investigation of nonresponse bias: Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics, 1993 (Vital and Health Statistics Ser. 2, No. 119); DHHS publication No. (PHS) 94-'393.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics. Documentation for Public Use Data Tape. Vision age 6 months-74 years. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan LL, Rowland WM, Altman A. Comparison of three types of test target for the measurement of visual acuity. Quart Rev Ophthalmol 1952; 8:4–16.
   Google Scholar
• NAS-NRC Committee on Vision, Working Group 39. Recommended standard procedures for the clinical measurement and specification of visual acuity. Adv Ophthalmol 1980; 41:103–48.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision. Los Angeles, CA: Practice Management Information Corp, 1993: 179.
   Google Scholar
• Delgado JL, Johnson CL, Roy I. Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: methodological considerations. Am J Public Health 1990;80 (suppl.):6-io.
   Google Scholar
• Research Triangle Institute. Software for Survey Data Analysis (SUDAAN), Version 5.30. North Carolina, Research Triangle Park, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Hollmann FW. U.S. population estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1990 to 1993. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Projections Branch, Population Division, March 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Current Population Reports, Population Characteristics, The Hispanic Population in the United States: March 1993, Series P20-475, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Lee DJ, Gomez-Marin 0, Lam BL. Prevalence of uncorrected binocular distance visual acuity in Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults. Results from the HHANES and the NHANES I. Ophthalmology 1998; 105:552–60.
   Google Scholar
• Lam BL, Lee DJ, Gomez-Marin 0. Prevalence of usual-corrected binocular distance visual acuity impairment in Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults. Ophthalm Epidemiol 2000;7:73–83.
   Google Scholar
• Fischbach LA, Lee DA, Englehardt RF, Wheeler N. The prevalence of ocular disorders among Hispanic and Caucasian children screened by the UCLA mobile eye clinic. J Commun Health 1993;18:201-I I .
   Google Scholar
• V00 I, Lee DA, Oelrich FO. Prevalences of ocular conditions among Hispanic, white, Asian, and black immigrant students examined by the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinc. J Am Optom Assoc 1998;69:255–61.
   Google Scholar
• Chung KM, Mohidin N, Yeow PT, Tan LL, O'Leary D. Prevalence of visual disorders in Chinese schoolchildren. Optom Vis Sci 1996;73:695–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin LL, Chen CJ, Hung PT, Ko LS. Nation-wide survey of myopia among schoolchildren in Taiwan, 1986. Acta Ophthalmol suppl 1988; 185:29–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hosaka A. Population studies - myopia experience in Japan. Acta Ophthalmol suppl 1988;185:37–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McBrien NA, Barnes DA. A review and evaluation of theories of refractive error development. Ophthalm Physiol Opt 1984;4:201–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parssinen 0, Lyyra AL. Myopia and myopic progression among schoolchildren: A three-year follow-up study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993;34: 2794–2802.
   Google Scholar
• Goldschmidt E. On the etiology of myopia: an epidemiologic study. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1968;98: 1–172.
   Google Scholar
• Kemph GA, Collins SD, Jarman EL. Refractive errors in the eyes of children as determined by retinoscopic examination with a cycloplegic. Public Health Bull No. 182, Washington DC: Government Printing Office, 1928.
   Google Scholar
• Garner LF; Kinnear RF, Klinger JD, McKellar MI Prevalence of myopia in school children in Vanuatu. Acta Ophthalmol 1985;63:323–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam CS, Goh WS, Tang YK, Tsui KK, Wong WC, Man TC. Changes in refractive trends and optical components of Hong Kong Chinese aged over 40 years. Ophthalm Physiol Opt 1994;14:383–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar