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Ophthalmic Epidemiology Volume 8, 2001 - Issue 2-3
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Research Article

Progression of active trachoma to scarring in a cohort of Tanzanian children

Sheila K. West Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania
,
Beatriz Muñoz Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania
,
Harran Mkocha Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania
,
Yu-Hsiang Hsieh Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania
&
Matthew C. Lynch Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania
Pages 137-144 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Thylefors B. Avoidable blindness. Bull WHO. 1999;77:453.
  • West SK, Murioz B, Turner VM, et al. The epidemiology of trachoma in central Tanzania. Int J EpidemioL 1991;20:1088–1092.
  • Bailey R, Duong T, Carpenter R, Whittle H, Mabey D. The duration of human ocular chlamydial infection is age dependent. Epidemiol Infect. 1999;123:479–486.
  • West SK, Murioz B, Lynch M, Kayongoya A, Mmbaga BBO, Taylor HR. Risk factors for constant severe trachoma among pre-school children in Kongwa, Tanzania. Am J EpidemioL 1996;143:73–78.
  • West SK, Murioz B, Lynch M, Taylor HR, Kayongoya A, Chilangwa Z. Mmbaga BBO. Impact of face washing on trachoma in Kongwa, Tanzania. Lancet. 1994;345:155–158.
  • Thylefors B, Dawson CR, Jones BR, West SK, Taylor HR. A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications. Bull WHO. 1987;65:477-483. 7 Bobo LD, Murioz B, Viscidi R, Quinn TC, Mkocha H, West SK. Diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis eye infection in Tanzania by polymerase chain reaction/enzyme immunoassay. Lancet. 1991;338:847-85o.
  • Conway DJ, Holland MJ, Campbell AE, Bailey RL, et al. HLA class I and II polymorphisms and trachomatis scarring in a chlamydia trachomatis-endemic population. J Infect Dis. 1996;174:643–646.
  • Conway DJ, Holland MJ, Bailey RL, Campbell AE, et al. Scarring trachoma is associated with polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene promoter and with elevated TNF-alpha levels in tear fluid. Infect Immun. 1997;65:1003–1006.
  • Peeling RW, Bailey RL, Conway DJ, Holland MJ, et al. Antibody response to the 6o-kDa chlamydial heat shock protein is associated with scarring trachoma. J Infect Dis. 1998; 177:256–259.
  • Bobo LD, Novak N, Murioz B, Hseih YH, Quinn TC, West SK. Severe disease in children with trachoma is associated with persistent chlamydia trachomatis infection. J Infect Dis. 1997;176:1524–1530.
  • Holland MJ, Bailey RL, Hayes Whittle HC, Mabey DC. Conjunctival scarring in trachoma is associated with depressed cell-mediated immune responses to chlamydial antigens. J Infect Dis. 1993;168:1528–1531.
  • Murioz B, Bobo L, Mkocha H, Lynch M, Hseih YH, West SK. Incidence of trichiasis in a cohort of women with and without scarring. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28:1167–1171.
  • Lilienfeld AM, Lilienfeld DE. Foundations of Epidemiology. 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980: 346.

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