References

• ALI, N. M. (1977). Genetic parameters associated with cholesterol in egg yolk and blood serum in chicken. Dissertation Abstracts, Incorporated, Section B, 38(4): 1548.
   Google Scholar
• ANDREWS, J. W., WAGSTAFF, R. K. and EDWARDS, H. M. (1968). Cholesterol metabolism in the laying fowl. American Journal of Physiology 214: 1078–1083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANSAH, G. A., CHAN, C. W., TOUCHBURN, S. P. and BUCKLAND, R. B. (1985). Selection for low yolk cholesterol in leghorn-type chickens. Poutlry Science 64: 1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARROYOVE, G., SCRIMSHAW, N. S. and TANDON, O. B. (1957). The nutrient content of the eggs of five breeds of hens. Poultry Science 36: 469–473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATALLA, A. A., STINO, F. K. R., GOHER, N. E. and KAMAR, G. A. R. (1983). Genetics of egg cholesterol and related characteristics in Fayoumi chickens. Egyptian Journal of Animal Production 23: 133–142.
   Google Scholar
• BLAIR, C. W., MARION, W. W. (1976). Yolk cholesterol in eggs from various species. Poultry Science 57: 1260–1265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARTOV, I., BORNSTEIN, S. and BUDOSKI, P. (1969). The effect of soysterols in hypercholesterolemic chicks. Poultry Science 48: 1276–1281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARTOV, I, BORNSTEIN, S. and BUDOWSKI, P. (1971). Variability of cholesterol concentration in plasma and egg yolk of hens and evaluation of the effects of some dietary oils. Poultry Science 50: 1357–1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BECKER, W. A., SPENCER, J. V., VERSTRATE, J. A. and MIROSH, L. W. (1977). Genetic analysis of chicken egg yolk cholesterol. Poultry Science 56: 895–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BORGSTROM, B. (1969). Quantification of cholesterol absorption in man by fecal analysis after the feeding of a single isotope labeled meal. Journal of Lipid Research 10: 331–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUDOWSKI, P. N., BOTTINSON, N. R. and REISER, R. (1961). Lipid transport in the laying hen and the incubating egg. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 93: 483–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURCZAK, J. D., McNAUGHTON, J. L. and KELLOG, T. F. (1980). Cholesterol metabolism in poultry, Gallus domesticus: Fecal neutral sterol and bile acid excretion. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66(B): 385–389.
   Google Scholar
• BURGESS, T. L., BURGESS, C. and WILSON, J. D. (1962). Effect of MER-29 on egg production in chickens. Proceeding of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 109: 218–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CECIL, H. C., BITMAN, J. A. and THOMPSON, M. J. (1981). Effects of branched and straight chain amines and azasteroids on blood and egg cholesterol of White Leghorn chickens. Poultry Science 60: 765–804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN, P. H., COMMON, R. H., NIKOLAICZUK, N. and MacRAE, H. F. (1965). Some effects of added dietary fat on the lipid composition of hen's egg yolk. Journal of Food Science 30: 838–843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHUNG, R. A., BOGLER, J. C. and STADELMAN, W. J. (1965). The effect of dietary cholesterol and different dietary fats on cholesterol content and lipid composition of egg yolk and various body tissues. Poultry Science 44: 221–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLARENBURG, R., KIM CHUNG, I. A. and WAKEFIELD, L. M. (1971). Reducing the egg cholesterol level by including emulsified sitosterol in standard chicken diet. Journal of Nutrition 101: 289–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COLLINS, W. M., KAHN, A. C., TERRI, A. E., ZERVAS, N. P. and COSTANTINO, R. F. (1968). The effect of sex linked baring and rate of feathering genes, and of stock, upon yolk cholesterol. Poultry Science 47: 1518–1526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONSENSUS CONFERENCE (1985). Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. Journal of the American Medical Association 253: 2080–2086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONSTANTIN, N. and NEAGU, F. (1983). Effect of ascorbic acid on cholesterol in blood and in egg yolk of hens. Lucrari Stintifice, Institutul Agronomic “Nicolae Balcescu” C, 26: 35–39.
   Google Scholar
• CUNNINGHAM, F. E. (1977). Composition of Araucana eggs. Poultry Science 56: 463–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUNNINGHAM, D. L., KRUEGER, W. F., FANGUY, R. C. and PEABODY, J. W. (1974). Preliminary results of bidirectional selection for yolk cholesterol level in laying hens. Poultry Science 53: 384–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAM, R., LA BATE, E., TAM, S. W. and CUERVO-TOREY, C. (1979). Effects of diazacholesterol, triparanol and beta-sitosterol on egg cholesterol deposition in Coturnix quail. Poultry Science 58: 985–987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUA, P. N., DILWORTH, B. C., DAY, E. J. and HILL, J. E. (1967). Effect of dietary vitamin A and cholesterol on cholesterol and carotenoid content of plasma and egg yolk. Poultry Science 46: 530–531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EASTWOOD, M. A. (1975). The role of vegetable fiber in human nutrition. Medical Hypotheses 1: 46–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• EDWARDS. H. M., DRIGGERS, J. C., DEAN, R. and CARMON, J. L. (1960). Studies on the cholesterol content of egg from various breeds and/or strains of chickens. Poutry Science 39: 487–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EDWARDS, H. M. and JONES, V. (1964). Effect of dietary cholesterol on serum and egg cholesterol levels over a period of time. Poultry Science 43: 877–879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FISHER, H., GRIMINGER, P. and SCHAFFNER, C. P. (1969). Effect of polyene macrolides on cholesterol metabolism on the chick. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 132: 253–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FLYNN, M. A., NOLPH, G. B., OSIO, Y., SUN, G. Y., LANNING, B., KRAUSE, C. and DALLY, J. C. (1986). Serum lipids and eggs. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 11: 1548.
   Google Scholar
• GISSEL, V. C., LINDFELD, A. and EHRENBRINK, H. L. (1976). Untersuchungen uber die Beeinflusung des cholesteringehaltes im eidoher durch Rasse, Alter und Fuherung der Legehennen. Archives of the Gefluegelk 40: 134–140.
   Google Scholar
• HAGEMENAS, F. C., LINSAY, S., ILLINGSWORTH, D. (1986). The influence of mevinolin on cholesterol homeostasis in mononuclear eukoxytes fm patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 74: 797.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARRIS, P. C. and WILCOX, F. H. (1963). Studies on the egg yolk cholesterol 3. Effect of dietary cholesterol. Poultry Science 42: 186–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAUSHEER, W. C. and FISHER, H. (1978a). The antihypercholesterolemic activity of candicidin as a function of dietary cholesterol in cockerels. Journal of Nutrition 108: 712–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAUSHEER, W. C. and FISHER, H. (1978b). The antihypercholesterolemic properties of N, N-diacetyl and methyl ester derivatives of candicidin in cockerels. Journal of Nutrition 108: 1054–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIRATA, A., NISHINO, M., KIMURA, T. and OHTAKE, Y. (1986). Effects of dietary fats for laying hens in the fatty acid compositions and cholesterol contents of liver, abdominal adipose tissue, plasma and egg yolk lipids. Journal of the Japanese Society of Food Science Technololgy 33: 631–639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLLAND, K. G., GRUNDER, A. A. and WILLIAMS, C. J. (1980). Response to five generations of selection for blood cholesterol levels in White Leghorns. Poultry Science 59: 1316–1323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HULETT, B. J., DAVIES, R. E. and COUCH, J. R. (1964). Changes observed in egg yolk cholesterol, serum cholesterol and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase by feeding cholesterol and vegetable oil to mature hens. Poultry Science 43: 1075–1078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HURNIK, J. F., SUMMERS, J. D., REINHART, B. S. and SWIRECZEWSKA, E. M. (1977). Effect of age on the performance of laying hens during the first year of production. Poultry Science 56: 222–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUSBANDS, D. H. and BROWN, W. O. (1965). Sex differences in the composition and acetate incorporation into liver lipids of the adult fowl. Comparative Biochemsitry and Physiology 14: 445–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KELLY, J. J. and TSAI, A. C. (1978). Effect of pectin, gum arabic, and agar on cholesterol absorption, synthesis and turnover in rats. Journal of Nutrition 108: 630–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KRITCHEVESKY, D. and STORY, J. A. (1974). Binding of bile salts in vitro by nonnutritive fiber. Journal of Nutrition 104: 458–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUDCHODKAR, B. J., HORLICK, L. and O'NEIL, J. B. (1976). Absorption of dietary beta-sitosterol in laying hens and its incorporation into the egg. Journal of Nutrition 106: 1629–1636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LALL, S. P. and SLINGER, S. J. (1973). Nutritional evaluation of rapeseed oils and rapeseed soapstocks for laying hens. Poultry Science 42: 394–396.
   Google Scholar
• LIPID RESEARCH CLINICS PROGRAM (1984). The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results. I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. Journal of American Medical Association 251: 351–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIPID RESEARCH CLINICS PROGRAM (1984). The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results. II. The relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. Journal of the American Medical Association 251: 365–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARCH, E. and BIELY, J. (1959). Dietary modification of serum cholesterol in the chick. Journal of Nutrition 69: 105–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARKS, H. L. and WASHBURN, K. W. (1977). Divergent selection for yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science 18: 179–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNAUGHTON, J. L. (1978). Effect of dietary fiber on egg yolk liver and plasma cholesterol concentrations of the laying hen. Journal of Nutrition 108: 1842–1848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MENGE, H., LITTLEFIELD, L. H., FROBISH, L. T. and WEINLAND, B. T. (1974). Effect of cellulose and cholesterol on blood yolk lipids and reproductive efficiency on the hen. Journal of Nutrition 104: 1551–1566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOKADY, S. (1973). Effect of dietary pectin and algin on blood cholesterol levels in growing rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. Nutritional Metabolism 15: 290–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NABER, E. C. (1976). The cholesterol problem, the egg and lipid metabolism in the laying hen. Poultry Sciency 55: 14–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NABER, E. C. (1983). Nutrient and drug effects on cholesterol metabolism in the laying hen. Federation Proceedings 42: 2486–2493.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NABER, E. C., ALLRED, J. B., WINGER, C. J. and STOCK, A. E. (1985). Effect of cholesterol oxidation products on cholesterol metabolism in the laying hen. Poultry Science 64: 675–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NABER, E. C., ELLIOT, J. F. and SMITH, T. L. (1982). Effect of probucol on reproductive performance, egg yolk cholesterol content and lipid metabolism in the laying hen. Poultry Science 61: 1118–1124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAKAUE, N. S., LOWRY, R. R., SHEEKE, P. R. and ARSCOTT, G. H. (1980). The effect of dietary alfalfa of varying saponin content on yolk cholesterol level and layer performance. Poultry Science 59: 2744–2748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NELSON, S. J., CLEGG, R. E. and SANFORD, P. E. (1962). The effect of triparanol on calcium and cholesterol levels in the blood sera of laying hens. Poultry Science 41: 664–668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICHOLS, E. L., MARION, W. W. and BALLOUN, S. L. (1962). Influence of triparanol (MER-29) on growth, egg production and cholesterol metabolism of chickens. Poultry Science 41: 1494–1499.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOCKELS, C. F. (1973). The influence of feeding ascorbic acid and sulfate on egg production and on cholesterol content of certain tissues of the hen. Poultry Science 52: 373–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PETERSON, D. W. (1951). Effect of soysterols in the diet of plasma and liver cholesterol in chicks. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 78: 143–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PICK, R., JAIN, S., KAKITA, C. and JOHNSON, P. (1965). Effect of defatted brain extract and soysterols on plasma cholesterol levels and atherogensis in cholesterol oil fed cockerals. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 119: 850–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POPJAK, G. And TIETZ, A. (1953). The biosynthesis of fat and cholesterol in vitro by ovarian tissues of the laying hen. Biochemistry Journal 54: 35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QURESHI, A. A., PETERSON, D. M., DIN, Z. Z., ELSON, C. E. AND BITGOOD, J. J. (1986&). The independent roles of genetic and dietary factors in determining the cholesterol status of laying hens. Nutrition Reports International 34: 457–464.
   Google Scholar
• REINER, E., TOPLIFF, J. and WOOD, J. D. (1962). Hypocholesterolemic agents derived from sterols of marine algae. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 40: 1401–1406.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SAEKI, Y. (1971). Relationship between plasma and egg cholesterol contents in the laying hen, and changes in the plasma cholesterol level with age of the young chick. Scientific Reports of Yokohana National University Section 2 18: 7–15.
   Google Scholar
• SAINZ, F., GONZALES, M., ROCA, P. and ALEMANY, M. (1983). Physical and chemical nature of eggs from six breeds of domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 24: 287–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALEN, G., AHRENS, E. H., Jr. and GRUNDY, S. M. (1970). Metabolism of beta-sitosterol in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 49: 952–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHERIDAN, A. K., HUMPHRIS, C. S. M. and NICHOLLS, P. J. (1982). The cholesterol content of eggs produced by Australian egg-laying strains. British Poultry Science 23: 569–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIVAPRASAD, H. L., and JAAP, R. G. (1977). Egg and yolk production as influenced by liver weight, liver lipid and plasma lipid in three strains of small bodied chickens. Poultry Science 56: 1384–1390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIM, J. S. and BRAGG, D. B. (1977). Effect of dietary factors on serum and egg yolk cholesterol levels of laying hens. Poultry Science 56: 1616–1621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIM, J. S., KITTS, W. D. and BRAGG, D. B. (1980). Influence of dietary oil, cholesterol and soysterols on the fecal nautral and acidic steroid excretion in laying hens. Poultry Science 59: 325–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIMMONS, R. A. and SOMES, R. G., Jr. (1985). Chemical characteristics of Araucana chicken eggs. Poultry Science 64: 1264–1268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SINGH, R. A. (1972). Effect of d-thyroxine and nicotinic acid on cholesterol metabolism of laying hens. Indian Journal of Animal Science 42: 433–435.
   Google Scholar
• SKLAN, D. and BUDOWSKI, P. (1979). Cholesterol metabolism in the liver and intestine of the chick: Effect of dietary cholesterol, taurocholic acid and cholestyramine. Lipids 14: 386–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOMES, R. G., FRANCES, P. V. and TLUTOHOWICZ, J. J. (1977). Protein and cholesterol content of Araucana chicken eggs. Poultry Science 56: 1636–1640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STORY, J. A. and KRITCHEVSKY, D. (1976). Comparison of the binding of various bile acids and bile salts in vitro by several types of fiber. Journal of Nutrition 106: 1292–1294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUTTON, C. C., MUIR, W. M. and MITCHELL, G. E. (1984). Cholesterol metabolism in the laying hen as influenced by dietary cholesterol, caloric intake and genotype. Poultry Science 63: 972–980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TEEKELL, R. A., BREIDENSTEIN, C. P. and WATTS, A. B. (1975). Cholesterol metabolism in the chicken. Poultry Science 54: 1036–1042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TENNET, D. M., SIEGEL, H., ZANETTI, M. E., KURON, G. W., OTT, W. and WOLF, F. J. (1960). Plasma cholesterol lowering action of bile and binding polymers in experimental animals. Journal of Lipid Research 1: 469–473.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TURK, D. E. and BARNETT, B. D. (1971). Cholesterol content of market eggs. Poultry Science 50: 1303–1306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TURK, D. E. and BARNETT, B. D. (1972). Diet and egg cholesterol content. Poultry Science 51: 1881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN BERESTEYN, E. C. H., VANSCHAI,, M. and KERHOF-MOGOT, M. F. (1979). Effect of bran and cellulose on lipid metabolism in obese female Zucker rats. Journal of Nutrition 109: 2085–2097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VARGAS, R. E., ALLRED, J. B., BIGGERT, M. D. and NEBER, E. C. (1986). Effect of dietary 7-ketocholesterol, pure, or oxidized cholesterol on hepatic 3-hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity, energy balance, egg cholesterol concentration and 1 5C-acetate incoporation into yolk lipids of laying hens. Poultry Science 65: 1333–1342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VARGAS, R. E. and NABER, E. C. (1984). Relationship between dietary fiber and nutrient density and its effect on energy balance, egg yolk and cholesterol and hen performance. Journal of Nutrition 114: 645–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WALDROUP, P. W., NDIFE, L. I., HELLWIG, H. M., HEBERT, J. A. and BERRIO, L. (1986). Influence of probucol (4. 4-Isopropylidine dithio)-bis (2, 6, -d-t-butyl-phenol)) on egg yolk cholesterol content and performance of laying hens. Poultry Science 65: 1949–1954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WASHBURN, K. W. and MARKS, H. L. (1985). Changes in egg composition of lines selected for divergence in yolk cholesterol concentrations. Poultry Science 64: 205–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WASHBURN, K. W. and MARKS, H. L. (1977). Changes in fitness traits associated with selection for divergence in yolk cholesterol concentration. British Poultry Science 18: 189–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WASHBURN, K. W. and NIX, D. F. (1974). A rapid technique for the extraction of yolk cholesterol, Poultry Science 53: 1118–1122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WASHBURN, K. W., MARKS, H. L. and BRITTON, W. M. (1976). Carcass composition and changes in body weights of lines selected for divergence in yolk cholesterol. Poultry Science 55: 1980–1982.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEISS, J. F., NABER, E. C. and JOHNSON, R. M. (1964). Effect of dietary fat and other factors on egg yolk cholesterol. I. The cholesterol content of egg yolk as influenced by dietary unsaturated fat and method of determination. Archive of Biochemistry Biophysics 105: 521–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEISS, J. F., NABER, E. C. and JOHNSON, R. M. (1967a). Effect of dietary fat and cholesterol on the in vitro incorporation of acetate 1 4C into hen liver and ovarian lipids. Journal of Nutrition 93: 142–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEISS, J. F., NABER, E. C. and JOHNSON, R. M. (1967b). Effect of dietary fat and D-thyroxine on the incorporation of acetate-1-1 4C into egg yolk lipids. Journal of Nutrition 93: 153–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEISS, J. F., JOHNSON, R. M. and NEBER, E. C. (1967c). Effect of some factors and drugs on cholesterol concentration in the egg and plasma of the hen. Journal of Nutrition 91: 119–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEISS, F. G. and SCOTT, M. L. (1979). Effects of dietary fiber, fat and total energy upon plasma cholesterol and other parameters in chickens. Journal of Nutrition 109: 693–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOOD, D. L. and BITMAN, J. (1984). The effect of feeding di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and related compounds on lipids in the laying hens. Poultry Science 63: 469–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOOD, D. L. and BITMAN, T. (1980). The effect of feeding di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the lipid metabolism of laying hens. Lipids 15: 151–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOOD, J. D., BIELY, J. and TOPLIFF, J. E. (1961). The effect of diet, age, and sex on cholesterol metabolism in White Leghorn chicks. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 39: 1705–1715.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YEH, S. J. C. and LEVEILLE, G. A. (1973). Influence of dietary protein level on plasma cholesterol turnover and fecal steroid excretion in the chick. Journal of Nutrition 103: 407–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar