Effects of retinoids on immune responses in birds

References

• ABELS, J.C., GORHAM, A.T., PACK, G.T. and RHOADS, C.P. (1941) Metabolic studies in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract: I. Plasma vitamin A levels in patients with malignant neoplastic disease, particularly of the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Clinical Investigation 20: 749–764
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AUGUSTINE, P.C. and RUFF, M.D. (1983) Changes in carotenoid and vitamin A levels in young turkeys infected with Eimeria meleagrimitis or E. adenoeides. Avian Diseases 27: 963–971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AYDELOTTE, M.B. (1963) Vitamin A deficiency in chickens. British Journal of Nutrition 17: 205–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BANG, F.B., BANG, B.G. and FOARD, M. (1975) Acute Newcastle disease virus infection of the upper respiratory tract of the chicken. II. The effects of diets deficient in vitamin A on the pathogenesis of the infection. American Journal of Pathology 79: 417–424
   Google Scholar
• BEDO, G., SANTISTEBAN, P. and ARANDA, A. (1989) Retinoic acid regulates growth hormone gene expression. Nature 339: 231–234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLOMHOFF, R., GREEN, M.H., GREEN, J.B., BERG, T., NORUM, K.R. (1991) Vitamin A metabolism: new perspectives on absorption, transport and storage. Physiology Reviews 71: 951–990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BONDI, A. and SKLAN, D. (1984) Vitamin A and carotene in animal nutrition. Progress in Food and Nutrition Science 8: 165–191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOYD, F.M. and EDWARDS, H.M. (1962) The effect of vitamin A on the course of Mycoplasma infection in chicks. Poultry Science 41: 750–754
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHAMBON, P., ZELENT, A., PETKOVICH, M., MENDELSOHN, C., LEROY, P., KRUST, A., KASTNER, P. and BRAND, N. (1991) The family of retinoic acid nuclear receptors. In: Retinoids: 10 Years On (Ed. Saurat, J-H.), Karger, Basel, pp. 10–27
   Google Scholar
• DAMM, K., THOMPSON, C.C. and EVANS, R.M. (1989) Protein encoded by v-erbA functions as a thyroid hormone acceptor antagonist. Nature 339: 593–597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DARIP, M.D., SIRISINHA, S. and LAMB, A. (1979) Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the susceptibility of rats to Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 161: 600–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS, C.Y. and SELL, J.L. (1989) Immunoglobulin concentrations in serum and tissues of vitamin A-deficient broiler chicks after Newcastle disease virus vaccination. Poultry Science 68: 136–144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLUCA, L.M., SHUMACHER, M. and NELSON, D.P. (1971) Localisation of the retinol dependent fucose-glycopeptide in the goblet cell of the rat small intestine. Journal of Biological Chemistry 246: 5762–5766
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DINGLE, J.T. (1968) Vacuoles, vesicles and lysosomes. British Medical Bulletin 24: 141–145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOLLE, P., ROPERTE, E., KASTNER, P., PETKOVITCH, M., STONER, C.M., GUDAS, L.J. and CHAMBON, P. (1989) Differential expression of genes encoding, α, β, and γ retinoic acid receptors and cRABP in the developing limbs of the mouse. Nature 342: 702–705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DHUR, A., GALAN, P. and HERCBERG, S. (1991) Vitamin A deficiency and immunity. Journal of Clinical and Biochemical Nutrition 11: 1–19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EATON, H.D. (1969) Chronic bovine hypo and hypervitaminosis A and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 22: 1070–1080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FELL, H.B. and MELLANBY, E. (1952) The effect of hypervitaminosis A on embryonic limb bones cultivated in vitro. Journal of Physiology 116: 320–349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FLETCHER, R.A. (1971) Effects of vitamin A deficiency on the pituitary-gonad axis of the California quail (Lophortyx californicus). Journal of Experimental Zoology 176: 25–29
   Google Scholar
• FRIEDMAN, A. (1991) Induction of immune response to protein antigens by subcutaneous co-injection with water miscible vitamin A derivatives. Vaccine 9: 122–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRIEDMAN, A. and SKLAN, D. (1989a) Impaired T-lymphocyte immune response in vitamin A depleted rats and chicks. British Journal of Nutrition 62: 439–449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRIEDMAN, A. and SKLAN, D. (1989b) Antigen specific immune response impairment in the chick as influenced by vitamin A nutrition. Journal of Nutrition 119: 790–795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRIEDMAN, A. and SKLAN, D. (1992) Adjuvant properties of vitamin A and derivatives influenced by form of delivery. Journal of Nutritional Immunology 1: 65–73
   Google Scholar
• FRIEDMAN, A. and SKLAN, D. (1993) Vitamin A and immunity. In: Nutrition and Immunology. Vol. 8. Human Nutrition: a Comprehensive Treatise (Eds Alfin-Slater, R.B. and Kritchevsky, D.), Plenum, New York, pp. 197–216
   Google Scholar
• FRIEDMAN, A., MEIDOVSKY, A., LEITNER, G. and SKLAN, D. (1991) Decreased resistance and immune response to E. coli infection in chicks with low and high intakes of vitamin A. Journal of Nutrition 121: 395–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUJIMAKI, I. (1926) Formation of carcinoma in albino rats fed on deficient diets. Journal of Cancer Research 10: 469–477
   Google Scholar
• GIGUERE, V., ONG, E.S., SEGUI, P. and EVANS, R.M. (1987) Identification of the receptor for the morphogen retinoic acid. Nature 330: 624–629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GLASS, C.K., LIPKIN, S.M., DEVARY, O.V. and ROSENFELD, M.G. (1989) Positive and negative regulation of gene transcription by a retinoic acid-thyroid hormone receptor. Cell 59: 697–708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRAUPNER, G., WILLS, K.N., TZUKERMAN, M., ZHANG, X.K. and PFAHL, M. (1989) Dual regulatory role for thyroid-hormone receptors allows control of retinoic acid receptor activity. Nature 340: 653–656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREEN, H.N. and MELLANBY, E. (1928) Vitamin A as an anti-infective agent. British Medical Journal 2: 691–696
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HALEVY, O., ARAZI, Y., MELAMED, D., FRIEDMAN, A. and SKLAN, D. (1993) Retinoic acid receptor-α gene expression is modulated by dietary vitamin A and by retinoic acid in chicken T lymphocytes. Journal of Nutrition 124: 2139–2146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALL, W.C., DAMJANOU, I., NIELSEN, S.W., VAN DER HEIDE, L. and EATON, H.D. (1980) Testicular changes of acute vitamin A deficiency of cockerels. American Journal of Veterinary Research 41: 586–592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HATCHIGIAN, E.A., SANTOS, J.I., BROITMAN, S.A. and VITALE, J.J. (1989) Vitamin A supplementation improves macrophage function and bacterial clearance during experimental Salmonella infection. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 191: 47–54
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOWELL, J.McC. and THOMPSON, J.N. (1967) Lesions associated with the development of ataxia in vitamin A deficient birds. British Journal of Nutrition 21: 741–748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KRIZ, H. and HOLMAN, J. (1969) Histology of onset of skin changes in hypervitaminosis A in chickens. International Journal of Vitamin Research 39: 3–7
   Google Scholar
• KRUST, A., KASTNER, P., PETKOVICH, M., ZELENT, A. and CHAMBON, P. (1989) A third human retinoic acid receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86: 5310–5314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEE, L.F. and BACON, L.D. (1983) Ontogeny and line differences in the mitogenic response of chicken lymphocytes. Poultry Science 62: 579–584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEUTSKAYA, Z.K. and FAIS, D. (1977) Antibody synthesis stimulation by vitamin A in chickens. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 475: 207–216
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LIPPMAN, S.M. and MEYSKENS, F.L. (1988) Vitamin A derivatives in the prevention and treatment of human cancer. Journal of American Clinical Nutrition 7: 269–284
   Google Scholar
• LOPEN, G.A., PHILLIPS, R.W. and NOCKELS, C.F. (1973) Body water kinetics in vitamin A deficient chickens. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 144: 54
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOTAN, R. (1980) Effects of vitamin A and its analogs (retinoids) on normal and neoplastic cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 605: 33–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MADDEN, M., ONG, D.E., SUMMERBELL, D. and CHYTIL, F. (1988) Spatial distribution of cellular binding protein to retinoic acid in the chick limb bud. Nature 335: 733–735
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALLIA, A.K., SMITH, J.E. and GOODMAN, D.S. (1975) Metabolism of retinol binding protein and vitamin A in hypervitaminosis A in the rat. Journal of Lipid Research 16: 180–188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MERRILL, A.H. Jr., FOLTZ, A.T. and McCORMICK, D.B. (1991) Vitamins and cancer. In: Cancer and Nutrition (Eds Alfin-Slater, R.B. and Kritchevsky, D.), Plenum, New York, pp. 261–320
   Google Scholar
• MITROVIC, M., MARUSICH, W.L. and DEUTSCH, D. (1969) Effect of high level supplemental vitamin A on avian leukosis agents in chicks. Poultry Science 48: 1633–1636
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAPOLI, J.L. and RACE, K.R. (1988) Biogenesis of retinoic acid from β-carotene. Differences between the metabolism of β-carotene and retinal. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263: 17372–17377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC (1994) Nutrient Requirements for Poultry. 9th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
   Google Scholar
• NOCKELS, C.F., EWING, D.L., PHETTEPLACE, H., RITACCO, K.A. and MERO, K.W. (1984) Hypothyroidism: an early sign of vitamin A deficiency in chickens. Journal of Nutrition 114: 1733–1737
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ONGSAKUL, M., SIRISINHA, S. and LAMB, A. (1985) Impaired clearance of bacteria and phagocytic activity in vitamin A deficient rats. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 178: 204–208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PASATIEMPO, M.G., BOWMAN, T.A., TAYLOR, C.E. and ROSS, C.A. (1989) Vitamin A depletion and repletion: effects on antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae, type III (SSS-III). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49: 501–510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PETKOVITCH, M., BRAND, N.J., KRUST, A. and CHAMBON, P. (1987) A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. Nature 330: 444–450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIKHTER, G. and WIESNER, J. (1987) Relationship between vitamin A supply of chicks and their susceptibility to field isolates of Eimeria tenella. Monatshefte fur Veterinarmedizin 42: 895–896
   Google Scholar
• RIKHTER, G., OKHRIMENKO, K. and VIZNER, I. (1989) Effect of dietary protein and vitamin A levels on the resistance of chickens to coccidiosis. Ptitsevodstvo 10: 41–43
   Google Scholar
• SERMAN, V. and MAZIJA, H. (1985) Effects of nutrition on the strength of acquired immunity against Newcastle disease. IV. Role of vitamin A. Veterinarski Arhiv 55: 1–8
   Google Scholar
• SHAPIRO, P.E. and EDELSON, R.L. (1985) Effects of retinoids on the immune system. In: Retinoids: New Trends in Research and Therapy (Ed. Saurat, J.), Karger, Basel, pp. 225–235
   Google Scholar
• SHERR, E., ADELMAN, D.C., SAXON, A., GILLY, M., WALL, R. and SIDELL, N. (1988) Retinoic acid induces the differentiation of B cell hybridomas from patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Journal of Experimental Medicine 168: 55–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIDELL, N. and RAMSDELL, F. (1988) Retinoic acid upregulates interleukin-2 receptors on activated human thymocytes. Cellular Immunology 115: 299–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIDELL, N., TAGA, T., HIRANO, T., KISHIMOTO, T. and SAXON, A. (1991) Retinoic acid induced growth inhibition of a human myeloma cell line via down regulation of IL-6 receptors. Journal of Immunology 146: 3809–3814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIJTSMA, S.R., WEST, C.E., ROMBOUT, J.H.W.M., VAN DER ZIJPP, A.J. and VAN DER ZIJPP, A.J. (1989a) The interaction between vitamin A status and Newcastle disease virus infection in chickens. Journal of Nutrition 119: 932–939
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIJTSMA, S.R., WEST, C.E., ROMBOUT, J.H.W.M., VAN DER ZIJPP, A.J. and VAN DER ZIJPP, A.J. (1989b) Effect of Newcastle disease virus infection on vitamin A metabolism in chickens. Journal of Nutrition 119: 940–947
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIJTSMA, S.R., ROMBOUT, J.H.W.M., WEST, C.E., VAN DER ZIJPP, A.J. and VAN DER ZIJPP, A.J. (1990) Vitamin A deficiency impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in Newcastle disease virus-infected chickens. Veterinary Immunology and Pathology 26: 191–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIJTSMA, S.R., ROMBOUT, J.H.W.M., DOHMEN, M.J.W., WEST, C.E. and VAN DER ZIJPP, A.J. (1991) Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the activity of macrophages in Newcastle disease virus-infected chickens. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 27: 17–27
   Google Scholar
• SINGH, S.P. and DONOVAN, G.A. (1973) A relationship between coccidiosis and dietary vitamin A levels in chickens. Poultry Science 52: 1295–1301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SINGH, M. and SINGH, V.M. (1978) Fatty liver in hypervitaminosis A; synthesis and release of hepatic triglycerides. American Journal of Physiology 234: E511–514
   Google Scholar
• SKLAN, D. (1983) Vitamin A absorption and metabolism in the chick: response to high dietary intake and tocopherol. British Journal of Nutrition 50: 401–407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SKLAN, D. and DONOGHUE, S. (1982) Vitamin A response to high dietary vitamin A in the chick. Journal of Nutrition 112: 759–765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SKLAN, D., MELAMED, D. and FRIEDMAN, A. (1994) The effect of varying levels of dietary vitamin A on immune response in the chick. Poultry Science 73: 843–847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SKLAN, D., MELAMED, D. and FRIEDMAN, A. (1995) The effect of varying dietary concentrations of vitamin A on immune response in the turkey. British Poultry Science 36: 385–392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SMITH, J.E., MILCH, P.O., MUTO, Y. and GOODMAN, D.S. (1973) The plasma transport and metabolism of retinoic acid in the rat. Biochemical Journal 132: 821–827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THALLER, C. and EICHELE, G. (1987) The identification and spatial distribution of retinoids in the developing chick limb bud. Nature 327: 625–628
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TENGERDY, R.P. and NOCKELS, C.F. (1975) Vitamin E or vitamin A protects chickens against Escherichia coli infection. Poultry Science 54: 1292–1296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UMESONO, K., GIGUERE, V., GLASS, C.K., ROSENFELD, M.G. and EVANS, R.M. (1988) Retinoic acid and thyroid hormone induce gene expression through a common responsive element. Nature 336: 262–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VASIOS, G.W., GOLD, J.D., PETKOVICH, M., CHAMBON, P. and GUDAS, L.J. (1989) A retinoic acid responsive element is present in the 5′-flanking region of the laminin B1 gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86: 9099–9013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WALD, G. (1968) The molecular basis of visual excitation. Nature 291: 800–807
   Google Scholar
• WATSON, R.R. and RYBSKI, J.A. (1988) Immunological response modification by vitamin A and other retinoids. In: Nutrition and Immunology, Alan Liss, New York, pp. 87–99
   Google Scholar
• WEST, C,E., ROMBOUT, J.H.W.M., VAN DER ZIJPP, A.J. and SIJTSMA, S.R. (1991) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50: 251–262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOLBACH, S.B. (1947) Vitamin A deficiency and excess in relation to bone growth. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 29: 171–192
   Google Scholar
• WOLBACH, S.B. and HOWE, P.R. (1925) Tissue changes following deprivation of fat soluble A vitamin. Journal of Experimental Medicine 42: 753–777
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WOLF, G. (1990) Recent progress in vitamin A research: nuclear retinoic acid receptors and their interaction with gene elements. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1: 284–289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOLF, G. (1991) The intracellular vitamin A binding proteins: an overview of their functions. Nutrition Reviews 49: 1–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAMAMOTO, M., KITANO, T., OMA, M., HIYAMA, Y., YUMOTO, S. and MATSUI, M. (1988) Supplemental effects of retinoids on immune function in vitamin A deficient rats. Nutrition Research 8: 529–538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZELENT, A., KRUST, A., PETKOVICH, M., KASTNER, P. and CHAMBON, P. (1989) Cloning of murine alpha and beta retinoic acid receptors and a novel receptor gamma predominantly expressed in skin. Nature 339: 714–717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar