18
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Regional Reports

Ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) skin and leather: a review focused on southern Africa

Pages 157-178 | Published online: 23 Sep 2019

References

  • ANGEL, R. (1996) On-farm Management to Improve Product Quality. American Ostrich Association, Fort Worth
  • ANGEL, R., TREVINO, L., MANTZEL, T., BALTMANIS, B., BLUE-MCLENDON, A. and POLLOK, K.D. (1997) Effect of ostrich age on hide quality. American Ostrich April: 25–26
  • ANONYMOUS (1998) Policy for Grading Ostrich Skins. Ostrimark S.A. Cooperative, Alexandria
  • BERENDS, B.R., VAN KNAPEN, F. and SNIJDERS, J.M. (1996) Suggestions for the construction, analysis and use of descriptive epidemiological models for the modernisation of meat inspection. International Journal of Food Microbiology 30: 27–36
  • BRADSHAW, C. (1994) Ostrich news. The Farmer 64: 12
  • CILLIERS, S.C. (1997) Feedstuff evaluation, metabolisable energy and amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth in ostriches. Proceedings of the 2nd International Ratite Conference, 21–25 September, Oudtshoorn, pp. 12–23
  • CILLIERS, S.C., HAYES, J.P., CHWALIBOG, A., DU PREEZ, J.J. and SALES, J. (1997) A comparative study between mature ostriches and adult cockerels with regard to the true and apparent digestibilities of amino acids. British Poultry Science 38: 311–313
  • CLOETE, S.W.P., VAN SCHALKWYK, S.J. and PFISTER, B. (1997) Interrelationship between production traits of commercial slaughter ostriches. Proceedings of the 2nd International Ratite Conference, 21–25 September, Oudtshoorn, pp. 133–136
  • COOPER, R.G. (1999a) Zimbabwean ostrich industry strategies into the 21st century. Ostrich Farmer Forum 3(17): 4–5
  • COOPER, R.G. (1999b) Critical success factors for the Zimbabwean ostrich industry. MBA Dissertation, Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham
  • COOPER, R.G. (1999c) Ostrich meat, an important product of the ostrich industry: a southern African perspective. World's Poultry Science Journal 55: 389–402
  • COOPER, R.G. (1999d) A study to assess the critical success factors of ostrich farming in Zimbabwe. Ostrich Farmer Forum 3(14): 2 and 3(15–16): 4–5
  • COOPER, R.G. (1999e) Zimbabwean ostrich production. The Zimbabwe Science News 33: 73–78
  • COOPER, R.G. (2000a) Ostrich skin, an important product of the ostrich industry. World Poultry 16(5): 42
  • COOPER, R.G. (2000b) Meat from the ostrich. Slaughtering, meat inspection and health risks. Fleishwirtschaft International 1: 31–36
  • COOPER, R.G. (2000c) Attitudes of ostrich producers to factors influencing ostrich farming in Zimbabwe. Transactions of the Zimbabwe Scientific Association (in press)
  • CORTINAS DE NAVA, C. and RODRIGUEZ-ABITIA, A. (1995) Industria, Contaminación de Cinco Ramas Industriales. UNEP: Industry and Environment 18(2–3), April-September
  • CRAIG, T. (1993) Natural parasites of ratites. In: Proceedings of the Annual Ratite Conference, College Station, Texas, 9–10 September, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, Texas
  • DRUCKER, P. (1993) Managing for the Future. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
  • DUEWER, L., MADISON, M. and CHRISTENSEN, L. (1994) The ‘exotic’ sector: ostriches and emus. Agricultural Outlook 208: 15–17
  • DZAMA, K., MUNGATE, F. and TOPPS, J.H. (1995) Ostrich production in Zimbabwe: summary of survey results. Journal of Applied Science in Southern Africa 1: 142–147
  • ERRINGTON, A. (1992) Developing talents and team building. Farm Management 8: 101–110
  • FOGGIN, C.M. and HONYWILL, J. (1992) Observations on the artificial incubation of ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) eggs with special reference to water loss. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal 23: 81–89
  • FRAPPLE, P. and HAGAN, R. (1992) Taking the emu to market. Western Australian Journal of Agriculture 32: 91–94
  • GEORNARAS, I., DE JESUS, A.E. and VON HOLY, A. (1998) Bacterial populations associated with the dirty area of a South African poultry abattoir. Journal of Food Protection 61: 700–703
  • GILLESPIE, J.M. and SCHUPP, A.R. (1998) Ratite production as an agricultural enterprise. Veterinary Clinics of North America – Food Animal Practice 14: 373–386
  • GOBBEL, T. (1994) Ostriches: an agricultural domestic animal? Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 101: 88–91
  • GOPO, J.M. and BANDA, G.N. (1997) Occurrence of Salmonella on meat and products in an ostrich abattoir as determined with a DNA probe. South African Journal of Animal Science 27: 1–6
  • HALLAM, M.G. (1992) The TOPAZ Introduction to Practical Ostrich Farming. TOPAZ, Superior Print and Packaging, Harare
  • HANCOCK, R. (1994) Air transport of adult ostriches. State Veterinary Journal 4: 1–3
  • HANLIN, M.B., FIELD, R.A., BAILEY, D.G. and RAY, B. (1995) Characterisation of predominant bacteria in cattle hides and their control by a bacteriocin-based preservative. Journal of the American Leather Chemists' Association 90: 308–320
  • HANNAGAN, T. (1995) Management. Concepts and Practices. Pitman Publishing, London
  • HICKS, J. (1986) Comprehensive Chemistry, 3rd Edition, Macmillan Education Ltd, Houndmills, Hampshire
  • HILDEBRANDT, G. and RAUSCHER, K. (1999) Straussenhaltung in Deutschland /Straussenfleisch aus Namibia – ein Fallbeispiel. Berliner Und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 112: 146–152
  • HOLLE, D. (1998) Hides. “Special” Ratite Nutrition Bulletin 27(3). In: Ratite Feeds & Feeding Appendix 2. Blue Mountain Feeds Inc, Colorado, pp. 33–36
  • HOLTZHAUSEN, A. and KOTZÉ, M. (1990) The Ostrich. C.P. Nel Museum, Oudtshoorn
  • HUTTON, J.M. (1991) Introduction to the Ostrich Industry in Zimbabwe. Unpublished report, TOPAZ, Harare
  • JARVIS, M.J.F. (1997a) More on ostrich leather: slaughter quality birds by 9/10 months. Farmer's Weekly May 23: 16–19
  • JARVIS, M.J.F. (1997b) Options for growth rates and slaughter ages. Proceedings of the 2nd International Ratite Conference, 21–25 September, Oudtshoorn, pp. 24–27
  • KOTLER, P. (1991) Marketing Management. Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, 7th Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc., Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey
  • LAMBERT, M.S., DEEMING, D.C., SIBLY, R.M. and AYRES, L.L. (1995) The relationship between pecking behaviour and growth rate of ostrich (Struthio camelus) chicks in captivity. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 46: 93–101
  • MEAD, G.C. (1989) Hygiene problems and control of process contamination. In: Processing of Poultry (Mead, G.C., Ed), Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 183–220
  • MELLETT, F.D. (1995) Ostrich products. In: Practical Guide for Ostrich Management and Ostrich Products (Smith, W.A., Ed.), Alltech, Kentucky, pp. 28–44
  • MELLETT, F.D., FISCHER, P. and BÖHME, H.M. (1996) Grading ostrich skins. In: Proceedings of European Ostrich Conference, November, Henglo, The Netherlands, European Ostrich Association, Banbury
  • MENON, G.K., MADERSON, P.F., DREWES, R.C., BAPTISTA, L.F., PRICE, L.F. and ELIAS, P.M. (1996) Ultrastructural organisation of avian stratum corneum lipids as the basis for facultative cutaneous waterproofing. Journal of Morphology 227: 1–13
  • MEROZ, M. and SAMBERG, Y. (1995) Disinfecting poultry production premises. Revue Scientifique et Technique de L'Office International des Epizooties 14: 273–291
  • PALEARI, M.A., CORSICO, P. and BERETTA, G. (1995) The ostrich: breeding, reproduction, slaughtering and nutritional value of the meat. Fleishwirtschaft 75: 120–123
  • PAXTON, C.G., BUBIER, N.E. and DEEMING, D.C. (1997) Feeding and pecking behaviour in ostrich (Sfruthio camelus) chicks in captivity. British Poultry Science 38: 151–155
  • PAYNE, H. (1993) Welfare of ostriches and other ratites during transport. State Veterinary Journal 3: 8–12
  • PISTORIUS, J.J. (1998) Viability of Ostrich Production in Zimbabwe. Third Update, Agriconsult (Pvt.) Ltd, Harare
  • RATITE MARKET RESEARCH STUDY (1998) The US Ratite Industry. Promar International, Washington
  • RODRIGUEZ-ABITIA, A. (1997) A comparative analysis of CT potential in the tanning industry. The case of Sweden and Mexico. MSc thesis, Lund University, Lund
  • ROSS, E.J. and DEEMING, D.C. (1998) Feeding and vigilance behaviour of breeding ostriches (Struthio camelus) in a farming environment in Britain. British Poultry Science 39: 173–177
  • SALES, J. (1995) Ostrich leather. The Ratite Journal October: 20: 22, 24 and 65
  • SALES, J. (1999) Slaughter and products. In: The Ostrich: Biology, Production and Health (Deeming, D.C., Ed.), CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, pp. 230–274
  • SALES, J. and OLIVER-LYONS, B. (1996) Ostrich meat: a review. Food Australia 48: 504–511
  • SAMBRAUS, H.H. (1995) Behavioural disorders in the food intake of ostriches. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 108: 344–346
  • SENESI, E. (1998) Feathers, Plumes and Co. Slow Food 9: 1–3
  • SHANAWANY, M.M. (1996) Ostrich farming in an ancient business. World Poultry 12: 59–63
  • SIBLEY, C.G. and AHLQUISTE, J.E. (1990) Ratites and Tinamous. In: Phylogeny and Classification of Birds, Yale University Press, London, pp. 272–288
  • SMIT, D.J. (1963) Ostrich Farming in the Little Karoo. Bulletin No. 358, Department of Agricultural Technical Service, Pretoria
  • SMITH, W.A., CILLIERS, S.C., MELLETT, F.D. and VAN SCHALKWYK, S.J. (1995) Ostrich Production - a South African Perspective. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
  • SWART, D. (1979) Vervang siek vere met spog pluime. Landbouweekblad 16 March: 35–37
  • SWART, D. and KEMM, E.H. (1985) Die invloed van dieetproteïen – en energiepeil op die groeiprestasie en veerproduksie van slagvolstruise onder voerkraaltoestande. South African Journal of Animal Science 15: 146–150
  • TAYLOR, M.M. (1994) Enzymes assist recovery of chrome and high-value protein from shavings. World Leather 7: 38–39
  • TAYLOR, M.M., DIEFENDORF, E.J., THOMPSON, C.J., BROWN, E.M. and MARMER, W.N. (1993) Effect of process variables in treatment of Cr-leather waste. Journal of the American Leather Chemists' Association 88: 358–367
  • TULLY, T.N. (1998) Health examinations and clinical diagnostic procedures of ratites. Veterinary Clinics of North America – Food Animal Practice 14: 401–420
  • TULLY, T.N. and SHANE, S.M. (1996) Husbandry practices as related to infectious and parasitic diseases of farmed ratites. Revue Scientifique et Technique de L'Office International des Epizooties 15: 73–89
  • USDA (1996) Improving the Safety of Meat and Poultry: A Science-Based Strategy for Protecting Public Health. Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington
  • VAN JAARSVELDT, K.R. (1992) Flaying, curing and grading of ostrich skins. In: The TOPAZ Introduction to Practical Ostrich Farming (Hallam, M.G., Ed.), TOPAZ, Superior Print and Packaging, Harare, pp. 125–130
  • VAN ROOYEN, J., SWART, D., D'HAESE, L., WESSELS, J. and CARSTENS, J. (1998) Where to with the ostrich industry? Its problems, challenges and future. Proceedings of the 2nd International Ratite Conference, 21–25 September, Oudtshoorn, pp.114–123
  • VAN ZYL, P.L. (1996) A Global Perspective on the Ostrich Industry. Department of Agriculture, Oudtshoorn Experimental Farm, Oudtshoorn
  • VAN ZYL, P.L. (1998) The future of ostrich farming. Proceedings of the 2nd International Ratite Conference, 21–25 September, Oudtshoorn, pp.137–138
  • VERWOERD, D.J., GERDES, G.H., OLIVIER, A. and WILLIAMS, R. (1997) Experimental infection of vaccinated slaughter ostriches with virulent Newcastle disease virus. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 64: 213–216
  • WILLIAMS, J.B., SIEGFRIED, W.R., MILTON, S.J., ADAMS, N.J., DEAN, W.R.J., DU PLESSIS, M.A., JACKSON, S. and NAGY, K.A. (1993) Field metabolism and water requirements of wild ostriches in the Namib Desert. Ecology 74: 390–409

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.