Fish Protein in the Nutrition of the Young Calf

References

• AOAC. 1960 . Official methods of analysis. , 5th ed. 832 Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Bj⊘rnstad , J. and Hansen , P. 1974 . Digestibility of hydrogenated marine fat (HMF) in milk replacers for calves . Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelk. , 33 : 126 – 137 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bligh , E. G. and Dyer , W. J. 1959 . A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification . Canad. J. Biochem. Physiol. , 37 : 911 – 917 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Charpentier , J. 1966 . Pigmentation musculaire du veau de boucherie. I. Facteurs de variation . Ann. Zootech. , 15 : 181 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Ender , F. , Dishington , I. W. , Madsen , R. and Helgebostad , A. 1972 . “ Iron deficiency anemia in mink fed raw marine fish. A five year study ” . In Advances in Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition , Vol. 2 , 46 Hamburg : Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelk. Verlag Paul Parey . Suppl.
   Google Scholar
• Erbersdobler , H. and Gropp , J. 1973 . Aspects of protein quality in calf nutrition. Problems and possibilities of milk protein substitutes . Proc. Nutr. Soc. , 32 : 223 – 230 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Genskow , R. D. 1969 . Evaluation of a low ash fish protein concentrate for use in calf milk replacer formulas , 204 Urbana, Illinois : University of Illinois . Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Gorrill , A. D. L. , Nicholson , J. W. G. and Power , H. E. 1972 . Effects of milk, fish, and soybean proteins in milk replacers, and feeding frequency on performance of dairy calves . Can. J. Anim. Sci. , 52 : 321 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorrill , A. D. L. , Nicholson , J. W. G. , Larmond , E. and Power , H. E. 1975 . Comparison of fish protein sources and milk by-products in milk replacers for calves . Can. J. Anim. Sci. , 55 : 269 – 278 .
   Google Scholar
• Gropp , J. 1972 . Auf dem Weg zum Milchproteinersatz . Kraftfutter , 55 : 294 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , S. W. F. and Olley , J. 1963 . Application of the Bligh and Dyer method of lipid extraction to tissue homogenates . Biochem. J. , 89 : 101P
   Google Scholar
• Hankins , O. G. and Howe , P. E. 1946 . Estimation of the composition of beef carcasses and cuts , Tech. Bull. No. 926 20 Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. Agric. .
   Google Scholar
• Hedde , R. D. , Kuox , K. L. , Johnson , D. E. and Ward , G. M. 1974 . Energy and protein utilization in calves fed via rumen by-pass . J. Anim. Sci. , 39 : 108 – 114 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hellemond , K. K. 1967 . A digestibility and N-balance experiment with Protanimal in a milkreplacer for veal calves , ILOB Rep. No. 183 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Hellemond , K. K. 1970 . Over het hemoglobine-gehalte van het bloed en de vleeskleur van mestkalveren . Landbouwk. Tijdschr. , 82 : 139 – 142 . (Kalverdagnymmer)
   Google Scholar
• Hellemond , K. K. and Sprietsma , J. E. 1973 . De invloed van het ijzergehalte van het kunstmelkpreparaat op de groei en de voederconversie van het mestkalf . Landbouwk. Tijdschr. , 85 : 363 – 378 .
   Google Scholar
• Hellemond , K. K. and Weerden , E. J. 1973 . Milkprotein substitutes in rations for veal calves . Proc. Nutr. Soc. , 32 : 231 – 235 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Homb , T. 1970 . Produksjon av storfekj⊘tt. Kvalitet og foring. , 2. utg. , 150 Gjovik : Forlag Buskap og Avdrått A/S .
   Google Scholar
• Hopper , T. H. 1944 . Methods of estimating the physical and chemical composition of cattle . J. Agric. Res. , 68 : 239 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Huber , J. T. and Slade , L. M. 1968 . Fish flour as a protein source in calf milk replacers . J. Dairy Sci. , 50 : 1296 – 1300 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. T. C. and Elliot , R. C. 1972 . Dietary energy intake and utilization by young Friesland calves . Rhod. J. agric. Res. , 10 : 125 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Kirchgessner , M. and Roth , F. X. 1973 . Zum Einsatz von auf n-Paraffinen gewachsener Hefe in der Kälbermast . Züchtungskd. , 45 : 208 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Landbruksdepartementet . 1964 . 94 Oslo : Analyseforskrifter .
   Google Scholar
• Makdani , D. D. , Huber , J. T. and Michel , R. L. 1971 . Nutritional value of 1,2-dichloroethane extracted fish protein concentrate for young calves fed milk replacer diets . J. Dairy Sci. , 54 : 886 – 892 .
   Google Scholar
• Matre , T. 1976 . Personal communication
   Google Scholar
• McGilliard , A. D. , Bryant , J. M. , Bryant , A. B. , Jacobsen , N. L. and Foreman , C. F. 1970 . Further studies on the protein and energy requirements of dairy calves . Iowa State J. Sci. , 45 : 185 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Merck . 1970 . Klinisches Labor. , 11. Aufl. 632 Darmstadt
   Google Scholar
• Murti , K. G. S. R. , Moharir , A. V. and Sarma , V. A. K. 1970 . Spectrophotometric determination of iron with orthophenanthroline . Microchem. J. , 15 : 585 – 589 .
   Google Scholar
• Opstvedt , J. 1974 . Influence of residual lipids on the nutritive value of fish meal. VI. Effects of fat addition to diets high in fish meal on fatty acid composition and flavour quality of broiler meat . Acta Agric. Scand. , 24 : 61 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Opstvedt , J. and Hansen , P. 1977 . Fish protein in the nutrition of the young calf. II. Low fat, hexane extracted herring meal (Norsamin®) in milk replacers for replacement calves . Acta Agric. Scand. , 27 : 221 – 228 .
   Google Scholar
• Opstvedt , J. , Olsen , S. , Urdahl , N. , Laksesvela , B. and Bj⊘rnstad , J. 1970 . Næringsverdien av fiskemel produsert fra ulike fiskearter . Meld. SSF , : 118 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Opstvedt , J. and Sobstad , G. 1975 . Fremgangsmåte til framstilling av proteinkonsentrat av fiskeråstoff 6 Patentsoknad. Case IV. 11 juli
   Google Scholar
• Paruelle , J. L. , Toullec , R. , Frantzen , J. F. and Mathieu , C. M. 1973 . Utilisation des protéines par le veau préruminant a l'engrais. Utilisation digestive des protéines de soja et des levures d'alcanes incorporées dans les aliments d'allaitement . Les Industries de l'alimentation Animale , : 21 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Raven , A. M. 1972 . Nutritional effects of including different levels and sources of protein in milk replacers for calves . J. Sci. Fd Agric. , 23 : 517 – 526 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sleiman , F. T. and Huber , J. T. 1971 . Fish protein concentrate and whey protein in milk replacer diets . J. Anim. Sci. , 33 : 1170
   Google Scholar
• Smits , B. , Vreman , K. , Boeve , J. , Bon , J. and Nieboer , P. 1974 . Digestibility for veal calves of fish protein concentrates , Res. Rep. 819 30 Wageningen : Centre Agric. Publish. Document. .
   Google Scholar
• Snedecor , G. W. 1962 . Statistical methods. , 5th ed. , 523 Ames, Iowa, USA : The Iowa State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• S⊘vik , T. 1975 . Tilgjengelig jern i fiskemel. En in vivo metode for bestemmelse av relativ tilgjengelighet av jern i biologisk materiale, spesielt på fiskemel. Hovedoppgave , 75 Bergen : Universitetet i Bergen .
   Google Scholar
• Termouth , J. H. , Roy , J. H. B. , Thompson , S. Y. , Toothill , J. , Gillies , C. M. and Edwards-Webb , J. D. 1975 . Concurrent studies of the flow of digesta in the duodenum and of exocrine pancreatic secretion of calves. 3. Further studies on the addition of fat to skim milk and the use of non-milk proteins in milk-substitute diets . Br. J. Nutr. , 33 : 181 – 196 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vohra , P. , Robinson , D. W. and Carter , H. O. 1975 . World food balances . Feedstuffs , 47 ( 52 ) : 19 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Vreman , K. , Smits , B. , Westerhuis , J. H. and Visser , H. 1975 . Trimethylamine oxide in diets for veal calves . Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelk. , 35 : 289 – 295 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Webster , A. J. F. , Donnelly , H. , Brockway , J. M. and Smith , J. S. 1975 . Energy exchanges of veal calves fed a high-fat milk replacer diet containing different amounts of iron . Anim. Prod. , 20 : 69 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Weerden , E. J. 1970 . Digestibility experiment with a fish concentrate in a milkreplacer for veal calves . ILOB Rep. , : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Weerden , E. J. . Nitrogen balance in relation to protein and amino acid requirements in the veal calf . Proc. Internat. Milk Replacer Symp., Zürich . pp. 31 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• National Renderers Association . Hamburg : Bruxelles and American Soybean Institute .
   Google Scholar
• National Renderers Association . . Low fat fish meal in milk replacers . 3rd Europ. Symp. on the Use of Fish Meal in Animal Feeding, Amsterdam . pp. 96 – 105 . London : International Association of Fish Meal Manufacturers .
   Google Scholar
• Weerden , E. J. , Huisman , J. and Sprietsma , J. E. 1973 . De fysiologische beschikbaarheid van het ijzer in eiwitrijke grondstoffen bij mestkalveren . Landbouwk. Tijdschr. , 85 : 379 – 387 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , A. P. and Smith , R. H. 1974 . Concentrations of amino acids and urea in the plasma of the ruminating calf and estimation of the amino acid requirements . Br. J. Nutr. , 32 : 421 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar