8
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Reticulo-rumen Fermentation in Dairy Cows Fed 12 Times Daily with 3 Types of Roughages Supplemented with Straw and Concentrates

Pages 101-114 | Received 07 Sep 1987, Published online: 07 Sep 2009

References

  • Andersen , P. E. and Just , A. 1983 . Tabeller over foderstoffers sammensætning m. m. Kvæg . Svin. Det kgl. danske Landhusholdningsselskab. , : 102
  • ARC. 1980 . The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock , 351 Bureau : Commonwealth Agric. .
  • Box , G. E. P. , Hunter , W. G. and Hunter , J. S. 1978 . Statistics for experimenters. An introduction to design, data analysis, and model building , 563 New York : Wiley-Interscience .
  • Broster , W. H. , Sutton , J. D. and Bines , J. A. . Concentrate: Forage ratios for high yielding dairy cows . Paper to the 12th Nottingham conference for feed manufacturers . 4–6 January
  • Bryant , M. P. and Doetsch , R. N. 1955 . Factors necessary for the growth of Bacteroides succinogens in the volatile acid fraction of the rumen fluid . J. Dairy Sci. , 38 : 340 – 350 .
  • Clarke , R. T. J. 1977 . “ The gut and its micro-organisms ” . In Microbial ecology of the gut , Edited by: Clarke , R. T. J. and Bauchop , T. 36 – 71 . New York : Academic Press . Chap. 2
  • Cline , T. R. , Garrigus , U. S. and Hatfield , E. E. 1966 . Addition of branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids to purified lamb diets and effects on utilization of certain dietary components . J. Anim. Sci. , 25 : 734 – 739 .
  • Clegg , K. M. 1956 . The application of the anthrone reagent to the estimation of starch in cereals . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 7 : 40 – 44 .
  • Conway , E. J. and Cooke , R. 1939 . Blood ammonia . Biochem. J. , 33 : 457 – 478 .
  • Demeyer , D. I. 1981 . Rumen microbes and digestion of plant cell walls . Agriculture and Environment , 6 : 295 – 337 .
  • Erdman , R. A. , Botts , R. L. , Hemken , R. W. and Bull , L. S. 1980 . Effect of dietary sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide on production and physiology in early lactation . J. Dairy Sci. , 63 : 923 – 930 .
  • Felix , A. , Cook , R. M. and Huber , J. T. 1980 . Effect of feeding isoacids with urea on growth and nutrient utilization by lactating cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 63 : 1943 – 1946 .
  • Ferreira , A. M. , Kerstens , J. and Gast , C. H. 1983 . The study of several modifications of the neutral detergent fibre produce . Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , 9 : 19 – 28 .
  • Fisher , L. J. and Fairey , N. A. 1982 . The effect of planting density on the nutritive value of corn silage for lactating cows . Can. J. Anim. Sci. , 62 : 1143 – 1148 .
  • Flatt , W. P. , Moe , P. W. , Moore , L. A. , Hooven , N. W. , Lehmann , R. P. and Ørskov , E. R. . Energy utilization by high producing dairy cows. 1. Experimental design, ration composition, digestibility data, and animal performance during energy balance trials. Energy metabolism of farm animals . Proc. of the 4th symposium held at Warsaw, Poland, EAAP publ. no. 12 . Edited by: Blaxter , K. L. , Kielanowski , J. and Grete , Thorbek . pp. 221 – 234 .
  • Hemsley , J. A. and Moir , R. J. 1963 . The influence of higher volatile fatty acids on the intake of urea-supplemented low quality cereal hay by sheep . Aust. J. Agric. Res. , 14 : 509 – 517 .
  • Hernandez-Urdaneta , A. , Coppock , C. E. , McDowell , R. E. , Gianola , D. and Smith , N. E. 1975 . Changes in forages-concentrate ratio of complete feeds for dairy cows . J. Dairy Sci. , 59 : 695 – 707 .
  • Hvelplund , T. , Stigsen , P. , M⊘ller , P. D. and Jensen , K. 1978 . Propionic acid production rate in the bovine rumen after feeding untreated and sodium hydroxide-treated straw . Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelkd. , 40 : 183 – 190 .
  • Kaufmann , W. 1976 . Influence of the composition of the ration and the feeding frequency on pH- regulation in the rumen and on feed intake in ruminants . Livestk. Prod. Sci. , 3 : 103 – 114 .
  • Kay , R. N. B. 1966 . The influence of saliva on digestion in ruminants . Wld. Rev. Nutr. Diet. , 6 : 292 – 328 .
  • Kristensen , V. F. , Andersen , P. E. , Stigsen , P. , Thomsen , K. V. , Andersen , H. R. , S⊘rensen , M. , Ali , C. S. , Mason , V. C. , Rexen , F. , Israelsen , M. and Wolstrup , J. . Sodium hydroxide-treated straw as feed for cattle and sheep . 464th Rep. National Inst. Anim. Sci. . Denmark. pp. 218
  • Kristensen , V. F. , Hermansen , J. E. and Andersen , P. E. . Economic use of treated straw in milk production . Paper presented at the 35th Ann. Meet. EAAP . August 6–9 . pp. 13 Haag, , The Netherlands
  • LaCroix , R. L. , Keeney , D. R. and Walsh , L. M. 1970 . Potentiometric titration of chloride in plant tissue extracts using the chloride ion electrode . Soil Sci. and Plant Analysis. , 1 : 1 – 6 .
  • Lassiter , C. A. , Emery , R. S. and Duncan , C. W. 1958 . The effect of valeric acid and a combination of valeric and iso-valeric acids on the performance of milking cows . J. Anim. Sci. , 17 : 358 – 362 .
  • MacRae , J. C. and Armstrong , D. G. 1968 . Enzyme method for determination of L-linked polymers in biological materials . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 19 : 578 – 581 .
  • Milner , B. A. and Whiteside , P. J. 1981 . Introduction to atomic absorption spectrophotometry , Cambridge, , England : Pye Unicam Ltd. .
  • M⊘ller , P. D. , Andersen , P. E. , Hvelplund , T. , Madsen , J. and Thomsen , K. V. . A new method of calculating the energetic value of feedstuffs for ruminants . 555th Rep. National Inst. Anim. Sci. . pp. 60 Denmark
  • Neimann-S⊘rensen , A. and Madsen , J. 1981 . Compendium in cattle feeding and management , Copenhagen : Institute of Animal Science, The Royal Vet.- and Agric. University .
  • N⊘rgaard , P. 1986 . “ Physical structure of feeds for dairy cows ” . In New developments and future perspectives in research on rumen function Edited by: Neimann , A.-S⊘rensen . 85 – 107 . Proc. of a CEC seminar, Denmark, 25th to 27th June, 1985
  • N⊘rgaard , P. 1987a . The influence of level of feeding and physical form of the feed on the reticulo- rumen fermentation in dairy cows fed 12 times daily . Acta Agric. Scand. , 37 : 353 – 365 .
  • N⊘rgaard , P. 1987b . Reticulo-rumen fermentation in dairy cows fed 12 times daily with 4 types of roughages supplemented with straw and concentrates . Acta Agri. Scand. , 37 : 449 – 461 .
  • Papas , A. M. , Ames , S. R. , Cook , R. M. , Sniffen , C. J. , Polan , C. E. and Chase , L. 1984 . Production responses of dairy cows fed diets supplemented with ammonium salts of iso C-4 and C-5 acids . J. Dairy Sci. , 67 : 276 – 293 .
  • Rohr , K. and Oslage , H. J. 1975 . Untersuchungen über die Eignung verschiedener Futtergemische als Alleinrationen für Milchkühe . Z. Zierphysiol. Tierern[abar]hr. Futtermittelkd. , 36 : 18 – 30 .
  • Russell , J. B. and Sniffen , C. J. 1984 . Effect of carbon-4 and carbon-5 volatile fatty acids on growth of mixed bacteria in vitro . J. Dairy Sci. , 67 : 987 – 994 .
  • SAS. 1982 . SAS user's guide: Statistics edition , 584 USA : SAS Institute Inc. .
  • Satter , L. D. and Slyter , L. L. 1974 . Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro . Br. J. Nutr. , 32 : 199 – 208 .
  • Snedecor , G. W. and Cochran , W. G. 1973 . Statistical methods, , Sixth ed 593 6th printing
  • Stuffins , C. B. 1967 . The determination of phosphate and calcium in feedstuffs . Analyst. , 92 : 107 – 111 .
  • Sudweeks , E. M. , McCullough , M. E. , Sisk , L. R. and Law , S. E. 1975 . Effects of concentrate type and level and forage type on chewing time of steers . J. Anim. Sci. , 41 : 219 – 224 .
  • Sudweeks , E. M. , Ely , L. O. , Mertens , D. R. and Sisk , L. R. 1981 . Assessing minimum amounts and form of roughages in ruminant diets: Roughage value index system . J. Anim. Sci. , 53 : 1406 – 1411 .
  • Sutton , J. D. 1976 . “ Energy supply from the digestive tract of cattle. Chap. 6 ” . In Principles of cattle production , Edited by: Swan , H. and Broster , W. H. 121 – 143 . London : Butterworths .
  • Sutton , J. D. . Digestion and end-product formation in the rumen from production rations. Digestive physiology and metabolism in ruminants . Proc. 5th Intern. Symp. on ruminant physiol. Clermont-Ferrand . pp. 271 – 290 . 1979 chap. 13
  • Sutton , J. D. 1984 . Feeding and milk fat production. Milk compositional quality and its importance in future markets Edited by: Castle , M. E. and Gunn , R. G. 43 – 52 . Occasion. publ. no 9. Brit. Soc. Anim. Prod.
  • Sutton , J. D. 1985 . Digestion and absorption of energy substrates in lactating cow. Symposium: Energy nutrition and metabolism of the lactating cow . J. Dairy Sci. , 68 : 3376 – 3393 .
  • Tilley , J. M. A. and Terry , R. A. 1963 . A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage . J. Br. Grassld. Soc. , 18 : 104 – 111 .
  • Umunna , N. N. , Klopfenstein , T. and Woods , W. 1975 . Influence of branched-chain volatile fatty acids on nitrogen utilization by lambs fed urea containing high roughage rations . J. Anim. Sci. , 40 : 523 – 529 .
  • Van Gylswyk , N. O. 1970 . The effect of supplementing a low-protein hay on the cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep and on the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose . J. Agric. Sci., Camb. , 74 : 169 – 180 .
  • Van Soest , P. J. 1963 . Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds . J. AOAC , 46 : 825 – 835 .
  • Van Soest , P. J. 1983 . Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Ruminant metabolism, nutritional strategies, the cellulolytic fermentation and the chemistry of forages and plant fibres , 374 O. & B. Books, Inc. .
  • Wilkinson , J. M. 1984 . “ Farm-scale dry treatment with sodium hydroxide ” . In Straw and other fibrous by-products as feed , Edited by: ⊘lSundst , F. and Owen , E. 162 – 180 . Amsterdam : Elsevier . chap. 6.3
  • Ørskov , E. R. 1975 . Manipulation of rumen fermentation for maximum food utilization . Wld. Rev. Nutr. Dietet. , 22 : 152 – 182 .
  • Øtergaard , V. . Strategies for concentrate feeding to attain optimum feeding level in high yielding dairy cows . 482th Rep. National Inst. Anim. Sci. . pp. 138 Denmark

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.