Introducing ICD-resistant mortality as an end point to evaluate the clinical efficacy of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in ischaemic cardiomyopathy

References

• Cowie MR, Marshall D, Drummond M, et al. Lifetime cost-effectiveness of prophylactic implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator in patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function: results of Markov modelling in a European population. Europace. 2009;11:716–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer DB, Buxton AE, Zimetbaum PJ. Time for a change-a new approach to ICD replacement. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:291–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koller MT, Schaer B, Wolbers M, et al. Death without prior appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy: a competing risk study. Circulation. 2008;117:1918–1926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice G, American Association for Thoracic S, Society of Thoracic SACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices): developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2008;117:e350–e408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marynissen T, Flore V, Heidbuchel H, et al. Heart rate turbulence predicts ICD-resistant mortality in ischaemic heart disease. Europace. 2014;16:1069–1077.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shroyer AL, Coombs LP, Peterson ED, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons: 30-day operative mortality and morbidity risk models. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:1856–1864; discussion 64–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedberg K, Cleland J, Dargie H; Task Force for the D, Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of C, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1115–1140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:461–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southern DA, Faris PD, Brant R, et al. Kaplan-Meier methods yielded misleading results in competing risk scenarios. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:1110–1114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein JP, Andersen PK. Regression modeling of competing risks data based on pseudovalues of the cumulative incidence function. Biometrics. 2005;61:223–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeger SL, Liang KY. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics. 1986; 42:121–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heymans MW, van Buuren S, Knol DL, et al. Variable selection under multiple imputation using the bootstrap in a prognostic study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7:33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al. Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial I. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:225–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, et al. Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1933–1940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, et al. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1882–1890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al. Multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial III. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:877–883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberger JJ, Buxton AE, Cain M, et al. Risk stratification for arrhythmic sudden cardiac death: identifying the roadblocks. Circulation. 2011;123:2423–2430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buxton AE. Risk stratification for sudden death: do we need anything more than ejection fraction? Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2003;7:434–437.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke B, Howlett J, Sapp J, et al. The effect of comorbidity on the competing risk of sudden and nonsudden death in an ambulatory heart failure population. Can J Cardiol. 2011;27:254–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marijon E, Trinquart L, Otmani A, et al. Evaluation médico-economique du défibrillateur automatique implantable I. Competing risk analysis of cause-specific mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: The EVADEF cohort study. Am Heart J. 2009;157:391–397.e1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy WC, Lee KL, Hellkamp AS, et al. Maximizing survival benefit with primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in a heart failure population. Circulation. 2009;120:835–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer DB, Friedman PA, Kallinen LM, et al. Development and validation of a risk score to predict early mortality in recipients of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:42–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberg I, Vyas AK, Hall WJ, et al. Investigators M-I. Risk stratification for primary implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:288–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohnloser SH, Kuck KH, Dorian P, et al. Prophylactic use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2481–2488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbeck G, Andresen D, Seidl K, et al. Defibrillator implantation early after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1427–1436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raj SR. Risk stratification using autonomic testing: blown up by DINAMIT? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22:E85.
   Google Scholar
• Seidl K, Hauer B, Schwick NG, et al. Comparison of metoprolol and sotalol in preventing ventricular tachyarrhythmias after the implantation of a cardioverter/defibrillator. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:744–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brophy JM, Joseph L, Rouleau JL. Beta-blockers in congestive heart failure. A Bayesian meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:550–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone PH, Raabe DS, Jaffe AS, et al. Prognostic significance of location and type of myocardial infarction: independent adverse outcome associated with anterior location. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;11:453–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welty FK, Mittleman MA, Lewis SM, et al. Significance of location (anterior versus inferior) and type (Q-wave versus non-Q-wave) of acute myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for postinfarction ischemia. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76:431–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geltman EM, Ehsani AA, Campbell MK, et al. The influence of location and extent of myocardial infarction on long-term ventricular dysrhythmia and mortality. Circulation. 1979;60:805–814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masci PG, Ganame J, Francone M, et al. Relationship between location and size of myocardial infarction and their reciprocal influences on post-infarction left ventricular remodelling. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1640–1648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez JF, Zareba W, Moss AJ, et al. Prognostic value of location and type of myocardial infarction in the setting of advanced left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:642–646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazazi EH, Sheikhvatan M, Mahmoodian M, et al. Comparing angiography features of inferior versus anterior myocardial infarction regarding severity and extension in a cohort of Iranian patients. J Res Med Sci. 2011;16:484–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culic V. Inferior myocardial infarction scars could be more arrhythmogenic than anterior ones. Europace. 2010;12:597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar