The use of glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonist in the cardiology practice

References

• American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(Suppl 1):S111–S134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell S, Fletcher EH, Brady I, et al. End-stage renal disease and survival in people with diabetes: a national database linkage study. QJM. 2015;108(2):127–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulnier HE, Seaman HE, Raleigh VS, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction in men and women with type 2 diabetes in the UK: a cohort study using the general practice research database. Diabetologia. 2008;51(9):1639–1645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2560–2572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen SL, Rorth R, Jhund PS, et al. Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(10):776–785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet. 2019;393(10166):31–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10193):121–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834–1844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(4):347–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinman B, Lachin JM, Inzucchi SE. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(11):1094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2018;41(12):2669–2701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse JB, Wexler DJ, Tsapas A, et al. 2019 Update to: management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2020;43(2):487–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(2):255–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold SV, de Lemos JA, Rosenson RS, et al. Use of guideline-recommended risk reduction strategies among patients with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2019;140(7):618–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaduganathan M, Patel RB, Singh A, et al. Prescription of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists by cardiologists. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(12):1596–1598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheen AJ. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(10):556–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martens P, Mathieu C, Verbrugge FH. Promise of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure: diabetes and beyond. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2017;19(3):23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martens P, Janssens J, Ramaekers J, et al. Contemporary choice of glucose lowering agents in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Cardiol. 2020;75(3):211–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg V, Verma S, Connelly K. Mechanistic insights regarding the role of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonist drugs on cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;62(4):349–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drucker DJ. The cardiovascular biology of glucagon-like peptide-1. Cell Metab. 2016;24(1):15–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, et al. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2247–2257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, et al. Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(13):1228–1239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, et al. Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(9):841–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aroda VR, Rosenstock J, Terauchi Y, et al. PIONEER 1: randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in comparison with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(9):1724–1732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakipovski G, Rolin B, Nohr J, et al. The GLP-1 analogs liraglutide and semaglutide reduce atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− and LDLr−/− mice by a mechanism that includes inflammatory pathways. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2018;3(6):844–857.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burgmaier M, Liberman A, Mollmann J, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its split products GLP-1(9-37) and GLP-1(28-37) stabilize atherosclerotic lesions in Apoe(−)/(−) mice. Atherosclerosis. 2013;231(2):427–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaspari T, Welungoda I, Widdop RE, et al. The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide inhibits progression of vascular disease via effects on atherogenesis, plaque stability and endothelial function in an ApoE(−/−) mouse model. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2013;10(4):353–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu A, Charkoudian N, Schrage W, et al. Beneficial effects of GLP-1 on endothelial function in humans: dampening by glyburide but not by glimepiride. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293(5):E1289–E1295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyama J, Higashi Y, Node K. Do incretins improve endothelial function? Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014;13:21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ussher JR, Baggio LL, Campbell JE, et al. Inactivation of the cardiomyocyte glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) unmasks cardiomyocyte-independent GLP-1R-mediated cardioprotection. Mol Metab. 2014;3(5):507–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WR, Hu SY, Chen YD, et al. Effects of liraglutide on left ventricular function in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J. 2015;170(5):845–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margulies KB, Hernandez AF, Redfield MM, et al. Effects of liraglutide on clinical stability among patients with advanced heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;316(5):500–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorsal A, Kistorp C, Holmager P, et al. Effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on left ventricular function in stable chronic heart failure patients with and without diabetes (LIVE)-a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(1):69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez AF, Green JB, Janmohamed S, et al. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (harmony outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10157):1519–1529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marx N, Davies MJ, Grant PJ, et al. Guideline recommendations and the positioning of newer drugs in type 2 diabetes care. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(1):46–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martens P, Dupont M, Vermeersch P, et al. Impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy on global and cardiac metabolism and cardiac mitochondrial function. J Card Fail. 2021;27(6):706–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellicori P, Platz E, Dauw J, et al. Ultrasound imaging of congestion in heart failure: examinations beyond the heart. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(5):703–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deferm S, Martens P, Verbrugge FH, et al. LA mechanics in decompensated heart failure: insights from strain echocardiography with invasive hemodynamics. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(5):1107–1115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martens P, Dupont M, Verbrugge FH, et al. Urinary sodium profiling in chronic heart failure to detect development of acute decompensated heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2019;7(5):404–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martens P, Verbrugge FH, Bertrand PB, et al. Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on exercise-Induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular-arterial coupling. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(9):e007813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbrugge FH, Martens P, Mullens W. SGLT-2 inhibitors in heart failure: implications for the kidneys. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2017;14(4):331–337.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheen AJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular protection: a class effect or not? Diabetes Metab. 2018;44(3):193–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheen AJ. Challenging 2019 ESC guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2020;46(3):181–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nauck MA, Quast DR, Wefers J, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes – state-of-the-art. Mol Metab. 2021;46:101102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eng J, Kleinman WA, Singh L, et al. Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(11):7402–7405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas MK, Nikooienejad A, Bray R, et al. Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(2):388–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das SR, Everett BM, Birtcher KK, et al. 2020 Expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a report of the American College of Cardiology solution set oversight committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(9):1117–1145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standards of medical care in diabetes-2020 abridged for primary care providers. Clin Diabetes. 2020;38(1):10–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vilsboll T, Bain SC, Leiter LA, et al. Semaglutide, reduction in glycated haemoglobin and the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(4):889–897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honigberg MC, Chang LS, McGuire DK, et al. Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(10):1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, et al. Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1319–1330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright JT Jr., Williamson JD, Whelton PK, et al. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2103–2116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, et al. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(25):2387–2397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tardif JC, Kouz S, Waters DD, et al. Efficacy and safety of low-dose colchicine after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(26):2497–2505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nidorf SM, Fiolet ATL, Mosterd A, et al. Colchicine in patients with chronic coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(19):1838–1847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Woodward M, Perkovic V, et al. Mediators of the effects of canagliflozin on heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(1):57–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse JB, Bain SC, Mann JFE, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction with liraglutide: an exploratory mediation analysis of the LEADER trial. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1546–1552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitas HS, Anhe GF, Melo KF, et al. Na(+)-glucose transporter-2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in kidney of diabetic rats correlates with glycemic levels: involvement of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha expression and activity. Endocrinology. 2008;149(2):717–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludvik B, Frias JP, Tinahones FJ, et al. Dulaglutide as add-on therapy to SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (AWARD-10): a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(5):370–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blonde L, Belousova L, Fainberg U, et al. Liraglutide as add-on to sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: Lira-ADD2SGLT2i, a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(6):929–937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinman B, Bhosekar V, Busch R, et al. Semaglutide once weekly as add-on to SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 9): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(5):356–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of medical care in diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S111–S124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marso SP, Baeres FMM, Bain SC, et al. Effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes with or without heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(10):1128–1141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fudim M, White J, Pagidipati NJ, et al. Effect of once-weekly exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without heart failure and heart failure-related outcomes: Insights from the EXSCEL trial. Circulation. 2019;140(20):1613–1622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):1995–2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1413–1424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obokata M, Reddy YNV, Pislaru SV, et al. Evidence supporting the existence of a distinct obese phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation. 2017;136(1):6–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(1):11–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadden TA, Bailey TS, Billings LK, et al. Effect of subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;325(14):1403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rienstra M, Hobbelt AH, Alings M, et al. Targeted therapy of underlying conditions improves sinus rhythm maintenance in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: results of the RACE 3 trial. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(32):2987–2996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelniker TA, Bonaca MP, Furtado RHM, et al. Effect of dapagliflozin on atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial. Circulation. 2020;141(15):1227–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monami M, Nreu B, Scatena A, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(11):1251–1258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato T, Aizawa Y, Yuasa S, et al. The effect of dapagliflozin treatment on epicardial adipose tissue volume. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2295–2306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heerspink HJL, Stefansson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1436–1446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullens W, Damman K, Testani JM, et al. Evaluation of kidney function throughout the heart failure trajectory – a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(4):584–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar