Liposuction: Review of the Techniques, Innovations and Applications

References

• Klein J. A. Deaths related to liposuction. N Engl J Med, 1999, 341: 1002–3.
   Google Scholar
• Hanke C. W., Coleman W. P. 3rd Morbidity and mortality related to liposuction. Questions and answers. Dermatol Clin, 1999, 17: 899–902.
   Google Scholar
• Schrudde J. Relation of plastic surgery to corrective dermatology. Arch Klin Exp Dermatol, 1964, 219: 676–88.
   Google Scholar
• Kesselring U. K., Meyer R. A suction curette for removal of excessive local deposits of subcutaneous fat. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1978, 62: 305–6.
   Google Scholar
• Illouz Y. G. Body contouring by lipolysis: a 5-year experience with over 3000 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1983, 72: 591–7.
   Google Scholar
• Smalls L., Lee C. Y., Whitestone J., Kitzmiller W. J., Wickett R. R., Visscher M. O. Quantitative model of cellulite: Three-dimensional skin surface topography, biophysical characterization, and relationship to human perception. J Cosmet Sci, 2004, 56: 105–120.
   Google Scholar
• Rohrich R. J., Broughton G. 2nd, Horton B., Lipschitz A., Kenkel J. M., Brown S. A. The key to long-term success in liposuction: a guide for plastic surgeons and patients. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2004, 114: 1945–52.
   Google Scholar
• Gasperoni C., Salgarello M., Emiliozzi P., Gargani G. Subdermal liposuction. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 1990, 4: 137–42.
   Google Scholar
• Fournier P. F., Otteni F. M. Lipodissection on body sculpturing: The dry procedure. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1983, 72: 598–609.
   Google Scholar
• Clayton D. N., Clayton J. N., Lindley T. S., Clayton J. L. Large-volume lipoplasty. Clin Plast Surg, 1989, 16: 305–12.
   Google Scholar
• Courtiss E. H., Choucair R. J., Donelan M. B. Large-volume suction lipectomy: An analysis of 108 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1992, 89: 1068–79.
   Google Scholar
• Rohrich R. J., Beran S. J., Fodor P. B. The role of subcutaneous infiltration in suction-assisted lipoplasty: A Review. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1997, 99: 514–9.
   Google Scholar
• Fodor P. B., Watson J. P. Wetting solutions in ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty. Clin Plast Surg, 1999, 26: 289–93.
   Google Scholar
• Rohrich R. J., Kenkel J. M., Janis J. E., Beran S. J., Fodor P. B. An update on the role of subcutaneous infiltration in suction-assisted lipoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2003, 111: 926–7.
   Google Scholar
• Klein J. A. Tumescent technique for local anesthesia improves safety in large-volume liposuction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1993, 92: 1085–98.
   Google Scholar
• Pitman G. H. Tumescent technique in liposuction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1995, 95: 612–3.
   Google Scholar
• Klein J. A. Tumescent technique for regional anesthesia permits lidocaine doses of 35mg/kg for liposuction. J Dermatol Surg Oncol, 1990, 16: 248–63.
   Google Scholar
• Burk R. W. 3rd, Guzman-Stein G., Vasconez L. O. Lidocaine and epinephrine levels in tumescent technique liposuction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1996, 97: 1379–84.
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell G. P., Gingrass M. K. Ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty: A clinical study of 250 consecutive patients. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1998, 101: 189–202.
   Google Scholar
• Zocchi M. Ultrasonic liposculpturing. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 1992, 16: 287–98.
   Google Scholar
• Fodor P. B. Personal experience with ultrasound-assisted lipo-plasty: a pilot study comparing ultrasound-assisted lipoplastywith traditional lipoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2004, 113: 1852–4.
   Google Scholar
• Bussein R., Maillard G. F. Skin necrosis after ultrasound lipoly-sis. Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 1997, 42: 281–2.
   Google Scholar
• Commons G. Presented at University of California at San Francisco Aesthetic surgery symposium, March, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Howard B. K., Beran S. J., Kenkel J. M., Krueger J., Rohrich R. J. The effects of ultrasonic energy on peripheral nerves: implications for ultrasound-assisted liposuction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1999, 103: 984–9.
   Google Scholar
• Karmo F. R., Milan M. F., Silbergleit A. Blood loss in major liposuction procedures: a comparison study using suction-assisted versus ultrasonically assisted lipoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2001, 108: 241–7.
   Google Scholar
• Igra H., Satur N. M. Tumescent liposuction versus internal ultrasonic-assisted tumescent liposuction. A side-to-side comparison. Dermatol Surg, 1997, 23: 1213–8.
   Google Scholar
• Ridderheim P. A., von Essen C., Zetterlund B. Indirect injury to cranial nerves after suregery with cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA). Acta Neurochir, 1987, 89: 84–6.
   Google Scholar
• Young W., Cohen A., Hunt C. D., Ransohoff J. Acute physiological effects of ultrasonic vibrations on nervous tissue. Neuro-surgery, 1981, 8: 689–94.
   Google Scholar
• Peres J. A., van Tetering J. P. Ultrasound-assisted lipolasty: a review of over 350 consecutive cases using a two-stage technique. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2003, 27: 68–76.
   Google Scholar
• Tebbetts J. B. Minimizing complications of ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty: an initial experience with no related complications. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1998, 102: 1690–7.
   Google Scholar
• Silberg B. N. The technique of external ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1998, 101: 552.
   Google Scholar
• Gasperoni C., Salgarello M. The use of external ultrasound combined with superficial subdermal liposuction. Ann Plast Surg, 2000, 45: 369–73.
   Google Scholar
• Mendes F. H. External ultrasound-assisetd lipolasty from our own experience. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2000, 24: 270–274.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg G. J., Cabrera R. C. External ultrasonic lipoplasty: an effective method of fat removal and skin shrinkage. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2000, 105: 785–91.
   Google Scholar
• Apfelberg D. B. Results of multicenter study of laser-assisted liposuction. Clin Plast Surg, 1996, 23: 713–9.
   Google Scholar
• Neira R., Arroyave J., Ramirez H., Ortiz C. L., Solarte E., Sequeda F., Gutierrez M. I. Fat liquefaction: effect of low-level laser energy on adipose tissue. Plast Reconst Surg, 2002, 110: 912–22.
   Google Scholar
• Brown S. A., Rohrich R. J., Kenkel J., Young V. L., Hoopman J., Coimbra M. Effect of low-level laser therapy on abdominal adipocytes before lipoplasty procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2004, 113: 1796–804.
   Google Scholar
• Badin A. Z., Morales L. M., Gondek L., Chiaratti M. G., Canta L. Laser lipolysis: flaccidity under control. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2002, 26: 335–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kuwahara K., Gladstone H. B., Gupta V., Kireev V., Neel V., Moy R. L. Rupture of fat cells using laser-generated ultra short stress waves. Lasers Surg Med, 2003, 32: 279–85.
   Google Scholar
• Gross C. W., Becker D. G., Lindsey W. H., Park S. S., Marshall D. D. The soft-tissue shaving procedure for removal of adipose tissue. A new, less traumatic approach than liposuction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1995, 121: 1117–20.
   Google Scholar
• Fodor P. B., Vogt P. A. Power-assisted lipoplasty (PAL): A clinical pilot study comparing PAL to traditional lipoplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 1999, 23: 379–85.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman W. P. 3rd .Powered liposuction. Dermatol Surg, 2000, 26: 315–8.
   Google Scholar
• Scuderi N., Paolini G., Grippaudo F. R., Tenna S. Comparative evaluation of traditional, ultrasonic, and pneumatic assisted lipoplasty: analysis of local and systemic effects, efficacy, and costs of these methods. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2000, 24: 395–400.
   Google Scholar
• RebeloA. Power-assisted liposuction. Clin Plast Surg, 2006, 33: 91–105.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman W. P. 3rd. Noncosmetic applications of liposuction. J Dermatol Surg Oncol, 1988, 14: 1085–90.
   Google Scholar
• Le Louarn C. L., Pascal J. F. High Superior tension abdomino-plasty. Aesth Plast Surg, 2000, 24: 375–381.
   Google Scholar
• Le Louarn C. L., Pascal J. F. Remodeling bodylift with high lateral tension. Aesth Plast Surg, 2002, 26: 223–30.
   Google Scholar
• Le Louarn C. L., Pascal J. F. The concentric medial thigh flap. Aesth Plast Surg, 2004, 28: 20–3.
   Google Scholar
• Lejour M., Abboud M., Declety A., Kertesz P. Reduction of mammaplasty scars: from a short inframammary scar to vertical scar. Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 1990, 35: 369–79.
   Google Scholar
• Matarasso A., Courtiss E. H. Suction mammaplasty: the use of suction lipectomy to reduce large breasts. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992, 87: 709–17.
   Google Scholar
• Le Louarn C. L., Pascal J. F. Brachioplasty. Aesth Plast Surg 2005, 29: 423–9.
   Google Scholar
• Lillis P. J. Liposuction of the arms. Dermatol Clin, 1999, 17: 783–97.
   Google Scholar
• Vanwijck R., Lengele B. Liposuction as a help for radiologists. Technical note. Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 1994, 39: 744–9.
   Google Scholar