A New Risk Factor in Oesophageal Cancer Aetiology: Hyperthyroidism

References

• Ikeda G., Iseaji S., Bas B. e., Watanabe M. et al. The prognostic significance of biologic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Cancer, 1999, 86: 1396–1405.
   Google Scholar
• Simonata L., Franceschi S., zambon P. A population at high risk for oesophageal cancer in the North-East of Italy. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 2000, 355–363.
   Google Scholar
• Lightdale C. J. Esophageal cancer. American college of gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol, 1999, 94: 20–29.
   Google Scholar
• Negri E., La Vecchia C., Franceschi S., Decarli A. et al. Attribute risk for oesophageal cancer in Northern Italy. Eur J Cancer, 1992, 28: 1167–1170.
   Google Scholar
• Bains S. M., Shields T. W. Squamous cell carcinoma of the eosophagus. In: Shields T. W., LoCicero J., Ponn R. B. (eds.). General Thoracic Surgery 5 th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000: 1905–1933.
   Google Scholar
• Blot W. J. Oesophageal cancer trends and risk factors. Semin Oncol, 1994, 21: 403–410.
   Google Scholar
• Yokokawa Y., Ohta S., Hot J. et al. Ecological study on the risks of oesophageal cancer in Ci-Xian China: The importance of nutritional status and the use of well water. iInt J Cancer, 1999, 83: 620–624.
   Google Scholar
• Venturi S., Venturi A., Cimini D., Arduini C., Venturi M., Guidi A. A new hypothesis: iodine and gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev, 1993, 2: 17–23.
   Google Scholar
• Kurtz R. C., Sherlock P. The diagnosis of gastric cancer. Semin Oncol, 1985, 12: 11–18.
   Google Scholar
• Kandemir E. G., Yönem A., Narin Y. Gastric carcinoma and thyroid status. The Journal of International Medical Research, 2005, 33: 222–227.
   Google Scholar
• Pustorino S., Foti M., Calipari G. et al. Thyroid-intestinal motility interactions summary. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol, 2004, 50: 305–15.
   Google Scholar
• Maser C., Toset A., Roman S. Gastrointestinal manifestations of endocrine disease. World J Gastroenterol, 2006, 12: 3174–3179.
   Google Scholar
• Hoogendoorn E. H., Cools B. M. Hyperthyroidism as a cause of persistent vomiting. Neth J Med, 2004, 62: 293–296.
   Google Scholar
• Sellin R. V., Sellin J. H. The gastrointestinal tract and liver in thyrotoxicosis. In: Braverman L. E., Utiger R. D. (eds.). The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1996, 632–636.
   Google Scholar
• Pinto J. E. S. S., Penas M. E., Buescu A., Vaisman M. Evaluation of oesophageal motility by dynamic scintigraphy in patients with Graves’ disease. Thyroidology, 2000, 12: 33–37.
   Google Scholar
• Wegener M., Wedmann B., Langhoff T., Schaffstein J., Adamek R. The effect of hyperthyroidism on the transit of a caloric solid-liquid meal through the stomach, the small intestine, and the colon in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1992, 75: 745–749.
   Google Scholar
• Günsar F., Yilmaz S., Bor S. et al. The effect of hypo-and hyper-thyroidism on gastric myo-electrical activity. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2003, 48: 706–712.
   Google Scholar
• Pfaffenbach B., Romuald J. A., Hagelmann D., Schaffstein J., Wegener M. The effect of hyperthyroidism on antral myo-electri-cal activity, gastric emptying and dyspepsia in man. Hepato-Gastroenterol, 1997, 44: 1500–1508.
   Google Scholar
• Chiu W. Y., Yang C. C., Huang I. C. et al. Dysphagia as a manifestation of thyrotoxicosis: a report of three cases and literature review. Dysphagia, 2004, 19: 120–124.
   Google Scholar
• Branski D., Levy J., Globus M., Aviad I., Keren A., Chowers I. Dysphagia as a primary manifestation of hyperthyroidism. J Clin Gastroenterol, 1984, 6: 437–440.
   Google Scholar
• Yazici S., Yagli M., Ataoglu S. Rheumatologic symptoms and signs in goitre diseases. Diizce Tip Fakültesi Dergisi, 2004, 1: 1621.
   Google Scholar
• Boyages S. C. Clinical review 49: Iodine deficiency disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1993, 77: 587–91.
   Google Scholar
• Venturi S., Donati F. M., Venturi M. et al. Role of iodine in the evolution and carcinogenesis of thyroid, breast, and stomach. Adv Clin Path, 2000, 4: 11–17.
   Google Scholar
• Flechas J. D. Ortho-iodosupplementation in a primary care practice. The Original Internist, 2005, 12: 89–96.
   Google Scholar
• Das D., De P. K., Banerjee R. K. Thiocyanate, a plausible physiological electron donor of gastric peroxidase. Biochem J, 1995, 305: 59–64.
   Google Scholar
• Das D., Bandyopadhyay D., Bhattacharjee M., Banerjee R. K. Hydroxyl radical is the major causative factor in stress-induced gastric ulceration. Free Radic Biol Med, 1997, 23: 8–18.
   Google Scholar
• Mirvish S. S., Huang Q., Chen S. C. et al. The metabolism of carcinogenic nitrosamines in the rat and human oesophagus and induction of oesophgeal adenocarsinoma in rats. Endoscopy, 1993, 25: 627–631.
   Google Scholar
• Kupper F. C., Schweigert N., Gall E. et al. Iodine uptake in laminariales involves extracellular haloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of iodide. Planta, 1998, 207: 163–171.
   Google Scholar
• Tramontano D., Veneziani B. M., Lombardi A. et al. Iodine inhibits the proliferation of rat thyroid cells in culture. Endocrinology, 1989, 125: 984–992.
   Google Scholar
• Gulaboglu M., Yildiz L., Celebi F. et al. A comparison of iodine contents in gastric cancer and surrounding normal tissues. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2005, 43: 581–584.
   Google Scholar
• Golkowski F., Szybiñski घ., Rachtan J. et al. Iodine prophylaxis-the protective factor against stomach cancer in iodine deficient areas. Eur J Nutr, 2007, 46: 251–256.
   Google Scholar
• Abnet C. C., Fan J. H., Kamangar F. et al. Self-reported goitre is associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma in a large population-based Chinese cohort. Int J Cancer, 2006, 119: 1508–1510.
   Google Scholar