Parathyroid carcinoma in chronic renal disease – a case series of three patients and review of literature

References

• U.S. National Library of Medicine 2020, National Institute of Health. [cited June 2020] https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/parathyroid-cancer/
   Google Scholar
• Bossola M, Tazza L, Ferrante A, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma in a chronic haemodialysis patient: case report and review of the literature. Tumori. 2005;91(6):558–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zivaljevic V, Zivic R, Diklic A, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma in primary hyperparathyroidism:single institution experience. Eur Surg. 2012;44(6):394–399.
   Google Scholar
• Iwamoto N, Yamazaki S, Fukuda T, et al. Two cases of parathyroid carcinoma in patients on long-term hemodialysis. Nephron. 1990;55(4):429–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rademaker P, Meijer S, Oosterhuis JW, et al. Successful surgical treatment of parathyroid carcinoma in two haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1990;5(7):545–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuster D, Torregrosa JV, Esteve V, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma associated to secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis: two cases reports. Nefrologia. 2007;27(2):209–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tominaga Y, Tsuzuki T, Matsuoka S, et al. Expression of parafibromin in distant metastatic parathyroid tumors in patients with advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease. World J Surg. 2008;32(5):815–821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christakis I, Bussaidy N, Clarke C, et al. Differentiating atypical parathyroid neoplasm from parathyroid cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23(9):2889–2897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berland Y, Olmer M, Lebreuil G, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma, adenoma and hyperplasia in a case of chronic renal insufficiency on dialysis. Clin Nephrol. 1982;18:154–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson BJ, Samaan NA, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma: features and difficulties in diagnosis and management. Surgery. 1983;94(6):906–915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland JP, Fleming SJ, Levison DA, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma associated with chronic renal failure and previous radiotherapy to the neck. J Clin Pathol. 1985;38(10):1114–1118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherlock DJ, Newman J, Holl-Allen RT. Parathyroid carcinoma presenting as tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Postgrad Med J. 1985;61(713):243–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishna GG, Mendez M, Levy B, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma in a chronic hemodialysis patient. Nephron. 1989;52(2):194–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodama M, Ikegami M, Imanishi M, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma in a case of chronic renal failure on dialysis. Urol Int. 1989;44(2):110–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tominaga Y, Numano M, Uchida K, et al. Lung metastasis from parathyroid carcinoma causing recurrent renal hyperparathyroidism in a hemodialysis patient: report of a case. Surg Today. 1995;25(11):984–986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miki H, Sumitomo M, Inoue H, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma in patients with chronic failure on maintenance haemodialysis. Surgery. 1996;120(5):897–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liou MJ, Lin JD, Huang MJ, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma with postoperative prolonged hypocalcemia in a patient with chronic renal failure. J Formos Med Assoc. 1996;95:337–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djema AI, Mahmoud MD, Collin P, et al. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism: parathyroid cancer with liver metastases in a hemodialyzed patient. Nephrologie. 1998;19:121–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tseng CC, Huang JJ, Wang MC, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma with multiple lung metastases. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14(2):449–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takami H, Kameyama K, Nagakubo I. Parathyroid carcinoma in a patient receiving long-term haemodialysis. Surgery. 1999;125(2):239–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayawardene S, Owen WJ. Goldsmith: Parathyroid carcinoma in a dialysis patient. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36:26–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuji T, Kitamura H, Yasuda G, et al. Different pathological findings in each of four parathyroid glands in a long-standing haemodialysis patient. Clin Nephrol. 2000;54:413–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zivaljevic V, Krgovic K, Tatic S, et al. Parathyroid cancer in a haemodialysis patient: a case report. Tumori. 2002;88(5):430–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srouji IA, Resouly A, Cree IA. Case of thymic parathyroid carcinoma in a haemodialysis patient: application of tumour chemosensitivity testing. J Laryngol Otol. 2004;118(2):162–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan MW, Worcester EM, Straus FH, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma in secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;199(2):312–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falvo L, Catania A, Palermo S, et al. Bilateral synchronous parathyroid carcinoma in a patient on long-term haemodialysis: presentation of a rare clinical case and review literature. Int Surg. 2005;90(1):18–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaconescu MR, Glod M, Costea I, et al. Parathyroid carcinoma in a patient on haemodialysis for renal failure. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2006;110(1):152–156.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ardalan MR. Parathyroid carcinoma in haemodialysis patients; it should not be diagnosed as a thyroid nodule. J Parath Dis. 2013;1(2):25–26.
   Google Scholar
• Cabané P, Gac P, Alvo A, et al. Mediastinal paratthyroid carcinoma in a patient with chronic kidney disease in haemodialysis. Endocrinol Metab Int J. 2016;3(3):00047.
   Google Scholar
• Pappa A, Hackman T. Simultaneous incidental parathyroid carcinoma and intrathyroid parathyroid gland in suspected renal failure induced hyperparathyroidism. Surg J. 2017;3(1):e23–e24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, et al. Two hundred eighty six cases of parathyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S. between 1985 and 1995: a national cancer data base report. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Cancer. 1999;86(3):538–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider R, Slater EP, Karakas E, et al. Initial parathyroid surgery in 606 patients with renal hyperparathyroidism. World J Surg. 2012;36(2):318–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Plas WY, Engelsman AF, Özyilmaz A, et al. Impact of the introduction of calcimimetics on timing of parathyroidectomy in secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(1):15–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokumoto M, Tsuruya K, Fukuda K, et al. Reduced p21, p27 and vitamin D receptor in the nodular hyperplasia in patients with advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int. 2002;62(4):1196–1207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen NK, Ananthakrishnan S, Campbell MJ. Hyperparathyroidism of renal disease. Perm J. 2016;20(3):15–127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goto S, Komaba H, Fukagawa M. Pathophysiology of parathyroid hyperplasia in chronic kidney disease: preclinical and clinical basis for parathyroid intervention. NDT Plus. 2008;1(Suppl 3):iii2–iii8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roychowdhury M. Anatomy and histology. Pathology Outlines. com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/parathyroidanatomy.html.
   Google Scholar
• Grimelius L, Akerstrom G, Johansson H, et al. Anatomy and histopathology of human parathyroid glands. Pathol Annu. 1981;16(Pt 2):1–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gill AJ. Understanding the genetic basis of parathyroid carcinoma. Endocr Pathol. 2014;25(1):30–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Zhang Z, Huang P, et al. Diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, early and delayed 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT in preoperative parathyroid gland localization in secondary hyperparathyroidism. BMC Med Imaging. 2020;20(1):91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte K-M, Talat N. Diagnosis and management of parathyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8(10):612–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar