Validation study of the capacity of the reference curves of ultrasonographic measurements of the umbilical cord to identify deviations in estimated fetal weight

References

• Owen P, Burton K, Ogston S, Khan KS, Howie PW. Using unconditional and conditional standard deviation scores of fetal abdominal area measurements in the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 16: 439–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thame M, Osmond C, Bennett F, Wilks R, Forrester T. Fetal growth is directly related to maternal anthropometry and placental volume. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004; 58(6)894–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay WW. The placenta. Not just a conduit for maternal fuels. Diabetes 1991; 40 Suppl 2: 44–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torloni MR, Moron AF, Camano L. [Restricted fetal growth]. Femina. 1999; 27: 651–6
   Google Scholar
• Waterland RA, Garza C. Potential mechanisms of metabolic imprinting that lead to chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 69: 179–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes RP, Soothill PW. Intra-uterine growth retardation. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1996; 8: 148–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cnattingius S, Haglund B, Kramer MS. Differences in late fetal death rates in association with determinants of small for gestational age fetuses: population based cohort study. BMJ. 1998; 316(7143)1483–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Naro E, Raio L, Ghezzi F, Franchi M, Romano F, D'Addario V. Longitudinal umbilical vein blood flow changes in normal and growth-retarded fetuses. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002; 81: 527–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degani S, Leibovich Z, Shapiro I, Gonen R, Ohel G. Early second-trimester low umbilical coiling index predicts small-for-gestational-age fetuses. J Ultrasound Med. 2001; 20: 1183–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghezzi F, Raio L, Günter Duwe D, Cromi A, Karousou E, Dürig P. Sonographic umbilical vessel morphometry and perinatal outcome of fetuses with a lean umbilical cord. J Clin Ultrasound. 2005; 33(1)18–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruch JF, Sibony O, Benali K, Challier JC, Blot P, Nessmann C. Computerized microscope morphometry of umbilical vessels from pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler. Hum Pathol. 1997; 28: 1139–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman A, Jakobi P, Bronshtein M, Goldstein I. Sonographic measurements of the umbilical cord and vessels during normal pregnancies. J Ultrasound Med. 1994; 13: 11–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Arbuckle S, Hocking G, Billson V. Umbilical cord stricture and intrauterine fetal death. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med. 1995; 15: 723–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman A, Jakobi P. Sonographic measurements of the umbilical cord in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes. J Ultrasound Med. 1997; 16: 691–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raio L, Ghezzi F, Di Naro E, Gomez R, Franchi M, Mazor M, et al. Sonographic measurements of the umbilical cord and fetal anthropometric parameters. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1999; 83: 131–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cecatti JG, Machado MR, dos Santos FF, Marussi EF. [Curve of normal fetal weight values estimated by ultrasound according to gestation age]. Cad Saude Publica. 2000; 16(4)1083–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phelan JP, Smith CV, Broussard P, Small M. Amniotic fluid volume assessment using the four-quadrant technique at 36–42 weeks’ gestation. J Reprod Med. 1987; 32: 540–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Martinez-Poyer J. In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard. Radiology. 1991; 181: 129–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbieri, C, Cecatti, JG, Krupa, FG, Marussi, EF, Costa, JV.. Sonographic measurement of the area of a transverse section of umbilical cord and of the diameter of their vessels during pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007 ( submitted).
   Google Scholar
• Barbieri, C, Cecatti, JG, Surita, FG, Marussi, EF, Costa, JV.. Area of Wharton's jelly as an estimate of the thickness of the umbilical cord and its relationship with estimated fetal weight. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007 ( submitted).
   Google Scholar
• Weissman A., Jakobi P. Sonographic measurements of the umbilical cord in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes. J Ultrasound Med. 1997; 16: 691–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raio L, Ghezzi F, Di Naro E, Franchi M, Maymon E, Mueller MD, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of a lean umbilical cord: a simple marker for the fetus at risk of being small for gestational age at birth. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 13: 176–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togni FA, Araujo E, Jr, Vasques FA, Moron AF, Torloni MR, Nardozza LM. The cross-sectional area of umbilical cord components in normal pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2007; 96: 156–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togni FA, Araujo E, Jr, Moron AF, Vasques FA, Torloni MR, Nardozza LM, et al. Reference intervals for the cross sectional area of the umbilical cord during gestation. J Perinat Med. 2007; 35(2)130–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghezzi F, Raio L, Di Naro E, Franchi M, Buttarelli M, Schneider H. First-trimester umbilical cord diameter: a novel marker of fetal aneuploidy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 19: 235–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghezzi F, Raio L, Di Naro E, Franchi M, Balestreri D, D'Addario V. Nomogram of Wharton's Jelly as depicted in the sonographic cross section of the umbilical cord. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001; 18: 121–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar