References
- Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol 1999; 4: 1–6
- Genco RJ. Host responses in periodontal diseases: current concepts. J Periodontol 1999; 63: 338–55
- D'Aiuto F, Parkar M, Brett PM, Ready D, Tonetti MS. Gene polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with systemic inflammation in patients with severe periodontal infections. Cytokine 2004; 28: 29–34
- Hirose M, Ishihara K, Saito A, Nakagawa T, Yamada S, Okuda K. Expression of cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in inflamed gingival tissue. J Periodontol 2001; 72: 590–7
- Moreira PR, Lima PM, Sathler KO, Imanishi SA, Costa JE, Gomes RS, et al. Interleukin-6 expression and gene polymorphism are associated with severity of periodontal disease in a sample of Brazilian individuals. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 148: 119–26
- Barton BE. The biological effects of interleukin 6. Med Res Rev 1996; 16: 87–109
- Bawcock AM, Kidd JR, Lathrop GM, Daneshvar L, May LT, Ray A, et al. The human “interferon-beta 2/hepatocyte stimulating factor/interleukin-6” gene: DNA polymorphism studies and localization to chromosome 7p21. Genomics 1988; 3: 8–16
- Fishman D, Faulds G, Jeffery R, Mohamed-Ali V, Yudkin JS, Humphries S, et al. The effect of novel polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene on IL-6 transcription and plasma IL-6 levels, and an association with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 1369–76
- Ferrari SL, Ahn-Luong L, Garnero P, Humphries SE, Greenspan SL. Two promoter polymorphisms regulating interleukin-6 gene expression are associated with circulating levels of C-reactive protein and markers of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 255–9
- Terry CF, Loukaci V, Green FR. Cooperative influence of genetic polymorphisms on interleukin 6 transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 18138–44
- Müller-Steinhardt M, Ebel B, Härtel C. The impact of interleukin-6 promoter −597/ − 572/ − 174 genotype on interleukin-6 production after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 147: 339–45
- Trevilatto PC, Scarel-Caminaga RM, de Brito RB, Jr, de Souza AP, Line SR. Polymorphism at position −174 of IL-6 gene is associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in a Caucasian Brazilian population. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30: 438–42
- Holla LI, Fassmann A, Stejskalova A, Znojil V, Vanek J, Vacha J. Analysis of the interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphisms in Czech patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2004; 75: 30–6
- Brett PM, Zygogianni P, Griffiths GS, Tomaz M, Parkar M, D'Aiuto F, et al. Functional gene polymorphisms in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. J Dent Res 2005; 84: 1149–53
- Wohlfahrt JC, Wu T, Hodges JS, Hinrichs JE, Michalowicz BS. No association between selected candidate gene polymorphisms and severe chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2006; 77: 426–36
- Jansson H, Lyssenko V, Gustavsson A, Hamberg K, Söderfeldt B, Groop L, et al. Analysis of the interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 polymorphisms in patients with chronic periodontitis. A pilot study. Swed Dent J 2006; 30: 17–23
- Babel N, Cherepnev G, Babel D, Tropmann A, Hammer M, Volk HD, et al. Analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-10, IL-6, and interferon-gamma gene polymorphisms in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2006; 77: 1978–83
- Scapoli C, Mamolini E, Trombelli L. Role of IL-6, TNF-A and LT-A variants in the modulation of the clinical expression of plaque-induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34: 1031–8
- [No authors listed], European longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood (ELSPAC). Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1989;3:460–9.
- Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol 1967; 38: 610–16
- Silness J, Löe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 1964; 22: 112–35
- Ennever J, Sturzenberger OP, Radike AV. The calculus surface index method for scoring clinical calculus studies. J Periodontol 1961; 32: 54–7
- Holla LI, Fassmann A, Benes P, Halabala T, Znojil V. 5 polymorphisms in the transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene (TGF-beta 1) in adult periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 336–41
- Loos BG, John RP, Laine ML. Identification of genetic risk factors for periodontitis and possible mechanisms of action. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 159–79
- Bhat M. Periodontal health of 14–17-year-old US schoolchildren. J Public Health Dent 1991; 51: 5–11
- Tervonen T, Raunio T, Knuuttila M, Karttunen R. Polymorphisms in the CD14 and IL-6 genes associated with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34: 377–83
- Nibali L, Ready DR, Parkar M, Brett PM, Wilson M, Tonetti MS, et al. Gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of key periodontal pathogens. J Dent Res 2007; 86: 416–20
- Endler G, Marsik C, Joukhadar Ch, Marculescu R, Mayr F, Mannhalter Ch, et al. The interleukin-6 G(–174)C promoter polymorphism does not determine plasma interleukin-6 concentrations in experimental endotoxemia in humans. Clin Chem 2004; 50: 195–200
- Dashash M, Blinkhorn AS, Hutchinson IV, Pravica V, Drucker DB. The relationship between interleukin-10 gene polymorphism at position −1082 and susceptibility to gingivitis in children. J Periodontol 2005; 76: 1455–62
- Dashash M, Drucker DB, Blinkhorn AS. Interleukin-10 haplotype frequencies in children with gingivitis. J Periodontol 2006; 77: 1503–9
- Jepsen S, Eberhard J, Fricke D, Hedderich J, Siebert R, Acil Y. Interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms and experimental gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30: 102–6
- Scapoli C, Tatakis DN, Mamolini E, Trombelli L. Modulation of clinical expression of plaque-induced gingivitis: interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms. J Periodontol 2005; 76: 49–56
- Trombelli L, Tatakis DN, Scapoli C, Bottega S, Orlandini E, Tosi M. Modulation of clinical expression of plaque-induced gingivitis. II. Identification of “high-responder” and “low-responder” subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31: 239–52
- Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Calura G, Tatakis DN. Time as a factor in the identification of subjects with different susceptibility to plaque induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33: 324–8
- Shapira L, Wilensky A, Kinane DF. Effect of genetic variability on the inflammatory response to periodontal infection. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 72–86