A sensitive and a rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the identification of Candida species in concentrated oral rinse specimens in patients with diabetes

References

• Samaranayake LP. Oral mycoses in HIV infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992;73:171–180.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Odds FC. Candida and candidosis: a review and bibliography. Bailliere Tindall; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Williams D, Lewis M. Pathogenesis and treatment of oral candidosis. J Oral Microbiol. 2011;3:5771.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ElFekya DS, Gohara NM, El-Seidia EA, et al. Species identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida isolates in cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Alexandria J Med. 2015;52:269–277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byadarahally Raju S, Rajappa S. Isolation and identification of Candida from the oral cavity. ISRN Dent. 2011;2011:487921.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Odds FC, Bernaerts R. CHROMagar Candida, a new differential isolation medium for presumptive identification of clinically important Candida species. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32:1923–1929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latouche GN, Daniel H-M, Lee OC, et al. Comparison of use of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics for identification of species of the anamorph genus Candida and related teleomorph yeast species. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:3171–3180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weerasekera MM, Sissons CH, Wong L, et al. Use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for the identification of mixed oral yeasts in human saliva. J Med Microbiol. 2013;62:319–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liguori G, Lucariello A, Colella G, et al. Rapid identification of Candida species in oral rinse solutions by PCR. J Clin Pathol. 2007;60:1035–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YL, Leaw SN, Chen JH, et al. Rapid identification of yeasts commonly found in positive blood cultures by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;22:693–696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makene VA. Identification of non-albicans Candida yeasts associated with vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Tanzania using a combination of multiplex PCR and DNA sequence divergence of the 26S LSU rDNA. SAJB. 2014;2:124–131.
   Google Scholar
• White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, et al. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gefland DH, Sninsky JJ, editors. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; 1990. p. 315–322.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho A, Costa-De-Oliveira S, Martins ML, et al. Multiplex PCR identification of eight clinically relevant Candida species. Med Mycol. 2007;45:619–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samaranayake LP. Host factors and oral Candidosis. In: Samaranayake LP, MacFarlane TW, editors. Oral Candidosis. London: Butterworth; 1990; p. 66–103.
   Google Scholar
• Tooyama H, Matsumoto T, Hayashi K, et al. Candida concentrations determined following concentrated oral rinse culture reflect clinical oral signs. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White PL, Williams DW, Kuriyama T, et al. Detection of Candida in concentrated oral rinse cultures by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:2101–2107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambrook J, Rusell DW. The condensed protocols, from molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. New York (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Iwen PC, Hinrichs SH, Rupp ME. Utilization of the internal transcribed spacer regions as molecular targets to detect and identify human fungal pathogens. Med Mycol. 2002;40:87–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barril P, Nates S. Introduction to agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis matrices with respect to their detection sensitivities. In: Magdeldin S, editor. Gel electrophoresis - principles and basics. Rijeka, Croatia:INTECH Open Access Publisher; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Tirodker UH, Nataro JP, Smith S, et al. Detection of fungemia by polymerase chain reaction in critically ill neonates and children. J Perinatol. 2003;23:117–122.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tarini NMA, Wahid IMH, Ibrahim F, et al. Development of multiplex-PCR assay for rapid detection of Candida spp. Med J Indones. 2010;19:83–88.
   Google Scholar
• Taira CL, Okay TS, Delgado AF, et al. A multiplex nested PCR for the detection and identification of Candida species in blood samples of critically ill paediatric patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matto J, Saarela M, Alaluusua S, et al. Detection of Prophyromonas gingivalis from saliva by PCR using simple sample processing method. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36:157–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenoy MP, Puranik RS, Vanaki SS, et al. A comparative study of oral Candida species carriage in patients with type1 and type2 diabetes mellitus. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2014;18:S60–S65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Maskari AY, Al-Maskari MY, Al-Sudairy S. Oral manifestations and complications of diabetes mellitus: a review. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2011;11:179–186.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fernandez MRF, Jaimes-Aveldañez A, Hernandez-Perez F, et al. Oral Candida spp. carriers: its prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. An Bras Dermatol. 2013;88:222–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill LVH, Tan MH, Pereira LH, et al. Association of oral candidiasis with diabetic control. J Clin Pathol. 1989;42:502–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meurmana JH, Tarkkila L, Tiitinen A. The menopause and oral health. Maturitas. 2009;63:56–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad S, Khan Z, Mustafa AS, et al. Seminested PCR for diagnosis of candidemia: comparison with culture, antigen detection, and biochemical methods for species identification. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:2483–2489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau A, Sorrell TC, Chen S, et al. Multiplex tandem PCR: a novel platform for rapid detection and identification of fungal pathogens from blood culture specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:3021–3027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fricke S, Fricke C, Schimmelpfennig C, et al. A real-time PCR assay for the differentiation of Candida species. J Appl Microbiol. 2010;109:1150–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alnuaimi AD, Wiesenfeld D, O'Brien-Simpson NM, et al. The development and validation of a rapid genetic method for species identification and genotyping of medically important fungal pathogens using high-resolution melting curve analysis. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2014;29:117–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samaranayake LP, MacFarlane TW, Lamey PJ, et al. A comparison of oral rinse and imprint sampling techniques for the detection of yeast, coliform and Staphylococcus aureus carriage in the oral cavity. J Oral Pathol. 1986;15:386–388.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fidel PL, JR, Vazquez JA, Sobel JD. Candida glabrata: review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical disease with comparison to C. albicans. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12:80–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilhari A, Weerasekera MM, Siriwardhana A, et al. Candida infection in oral leukoplakia: an unperceived public health problem. Acta Odontol Scand. 2016;74:565–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke VM, Miles RJ, Price RG, et al. New chromogenic agar medium for the identification of Candida spp. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002;67:3622–3627.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deorukhkar SC, Saini S, Mathew S. Non-albicans Candida infection: an emerging threat. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2014;2014:615958.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar