Restraint in paediatric dentistry: a qualitative study to explore perspectives among public, non-specialist dentists in Norway

References

• UNCRC. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 1989. [cited 2020 Mar 30]. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Mårtenson EK, Fägerskiöld AM. A review of children's decision-making competence in health care. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17(23):3131–3141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyne I. Children's participation in consultations and decision-making at health service level: a review of the literature. Int J Nurs Stud. 2008;45(11):1682–1689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svendsen EJ, Moen A, Pedersen R, et al. Resistive expressions in preschool children during peripheral vein cannulation in hospitals: a qualitative explorative observational study. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15(1):190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturmey P. Reducing restraint and restrictive behavior management practices. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Diseth TH. Dissociation following traumatic medical treatment procedures in childhood: a longitudinal follow-up. Dev Psychopathol. 2006;18(1):233–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klingberg G, Arnrup K. Dental fear and behavior management problems. Pediatric dentistry: a Clinical approach. Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Berggren U, Meynert G. Dental fear and avoidance: causes, symptoms, and consequences. J Am Dent Assoc. 1984;109(2):247–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kangasniemi M, Papinaho O, Korhonen A. Nurses' perceptions of the use of restraint in pediatric somatic care. Nurs Ethics. 2014;21(5):608–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Bruijn W, Daams JG, van Hunnik FJG, et al. Physical and pharmacological restraints in hospital care: protocol for a systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:921–921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend JA. Protective stabilization in the dental setting. In: Nelson TM, Webb JR, editors. Dental care for children with special needs: a clinical guide. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2019. p. 247–267.
   Google Scholar
• Bray L, Snodin J, Carter B. Holding and restraining children for clinical procedures within an acute care setting: an ethical consideration of the evidence. Nurs Inq. 2015;22(2):157–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapstad J, Storesund T, Strand GV. Bruk av tvang ved tannbehandling - lov eller ikke? [The use of restraint in dentistry - legal or not?] [The use of restraint in dentistry - legal or not?]. Nor Tannlegeforen Tid. 2015;125:328–334.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts JF, Curzon MEJ, Koch G, et al. Review: behaviour management techniques in paediatric dentistry. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010;11(4):166–174.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rønneberg A, Skaare AB, Hofmann B, et al. Variation in caries treatment proposals among dentists in Norway: the best interest of the child. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2017;18(5):345–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malterud K. Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines. Lancet. 2001;358(9280):483–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malterud K. Fokusgrupper som forskningsmetode for medisin og helsefag [Focus groups as research method in medicine and health sciences]. 2nd ed. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget; 2018. Norwegian.
   Google Scholar
• Lovdata. Lov om tannhelsetjenesten [The Dental Health Services Act] Norway, 1983. Norwegian. [cited 2020 Mar 30]. Available from: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1983-06-03-54.
   Google Scholar
• Patton MQ. Qualitative research & evaluation methods: integrating theory and practice. 4th ed. Los Angeles: Sage; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Brondani MA, MacEntee MI, Bryant SR, et al. Using written vignettes in focus groups among older adults to discuss oral health as a sensitive topic. Qual Health Res. 2008;18(8):1145–1153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis I, Burke C, Voepel-Lewis T, et al. Children who refuse anesthesia or sedation: a survey of anesthesiologists. Pediatr Anesth. 2007;17(12):1134–1142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovdata. Lov om pasient- og brukerrettigheter [Patients' Rights Act] Norway, 1999. Norwegian. [cited 2020 Mar 30]. Available from: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1999-07-02-63.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson C, Cheater FM, Reid I. A systematic review of decision support needs of parents making child health decisions. Health Expect. 2008;11(3):232–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkataraghavan K, Shah J, Kaur M, et al. Pro-activeness of parents in accepting behavior management techniques: a cross-sectional evaluative study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(7):ZC46–ZC49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strøm K, Rønneberg A, Skaare AB, et al. Dentists' use of behavioural management techniques and their attitudes towards treating paediatric patients with dental anxiety. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(4):349–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen B, Schröder U. Acceptance of dental care following early extractions under rectal sedation with diazepam in preschool children. Acta Odontol Scand. 1998;56(4):229–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Directorate for Health. Høringsutkast: Tannbarn - Kapittel 2 Barn og unge med tannbehandlingsangst (odontofobi) [Draft for consultation: Pediatric dentistry - Chapter 2 Children and adolescents with dental anxiety] [cited 2020 Mar 30]. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/retningslinjer/tannhelsetjenester-til-barn-og-unge-0-20-ar-del-2-horingsutkast/barn-og-unge-med-tannbehandlingsangst-odontofobi#tannlege-eller-tannpleier-skal-benytte-det-minst-inngripende-tiltaket-nar-barn-eller-ungdommer-motsetter-seg-nodvendig-tannbehandling-begrunnelse.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd M, Urquhart G, Heard A, et al. When a child says 'no': experiences of nurses working with children having invasive procedures. Paediatr Nurs. 2008;20(4):29–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rønneberg A, Strøm K, Skaare AB, et al. Dentists' self-perceived stress and difficulties when performing restorative treatment in children . Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(4):341–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipchase SY, Chapman HR, Bretherton R. A study to explore if dentists' anxiety affects their clinical decision-making. Br Dent J. 2017;222(4):277–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of biomedical ethics. Aufl New York: Oxford; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Slowther A-M. The concept of autonomy and its interpretation in health care. Clin Ethics. 2007;2(4):173–175.
   Google Scholar
• Lovdata. Lov om helsepersonell [The Health Personnel Act] Norway, 1999. Norwegian. [cited 2020 Mar 30]. Available from: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1999-07-02-64.
   Google Scholar
• Malterud K, Siersma VD, Guassora AD. Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power. Qual Health Res. 2016;26(13):1753–1760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvale S, Brinkmann S. Interviews: learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. 2nd ed. Los Angeles, CA: Sage; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Coar L, Sim J. Interviewing one's peers: methodological issues in a study of health professionals. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2006;24(4):251–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar