Prolonged pacifier-sucking and use of a nursing bottle at night: possible risk factors for dental caries in children

References

• Grindefjord M, Dahlia G, Ekstram G, Höjer B, Modéer T. Caries prevalence in 2.5 year-old children. Caries Res 1993; 27:505–10.
   Google Scholar
• Wendt L-K, Hallonsten A-L, Koch G. Dental caries in one- and two-year-old children in Sweden. I. A longitudinal study. Swed Dent J 1991;15:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Wendt L-K, Hallonsten A-L, Koch G. Oral health in preschool children living in Sweden. II. A longitudinal study. Findings at three years of age. Swed Dent J 1992;16:41–9.
   Google Scholar
• Grindefjord M. Prediction and development of dental caries in young preschool children-A prospective cohort study in south-ern Stockholm [thesis]. Stockholm: Karolinska Institute; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Wendt L-K. On oral health in infants and toddlers [thesis]. Goteborg: Goteborg University; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Larsson E, Ogaard B, Lindsten R. Dummy- and finger-sucking habits in young Swedish and Norwegian children. Scand J Dent Res 1992;100:292–5.
   Google Scholar
• Larsson E. Dummy- and finger-sucking habits in 4-year-olds. Swed Dent J 1975;68:219–24.
   Google Scholar
• Wendt L-K, Birkhed D. Dietary habits related to caries development and immigrant status in infants and toddlers living in Sweden. Acta Odontol Scand 1995;53:339–44.
   Google Scholar
• 011ila P, Niemelä M, Uhari M, Larmas M. Risk factors for colonization of salivary lactobacilli and candida in children. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55: 9–13.
   Google Scholar
• National Board of Health in Finland. Instructions for oral health status form. Helsinki: National Board of Health; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Grytten J, Rossow I, Holst D, Steele L. Longitudinal study of dental health behaviors and other caries predictors in early childhood. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1988;16:356–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gratrix D, Holloway PJ. Factors of deprivation associated with dental caries in young children. Community Dent Health 1994;11:66–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alaluusua S, Myllärniemi S, Kallio M. Streptococcus mutans infection level and caries in a group of 5-year-old children. Caries Res 1989;23:190–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grindefjord M, Dahlia G, Modéer T. Caries development in children from 2.5 to 3.5 years of age: a longitudinal study. Caries Res 1995;29: 449–54.
   Google Scholar
• Granath L, Cleaton-Jones P, Fatti LP, Grossman ES. Salivary lactobacilli explain dental caries better than salivary mutans streptococci in 4-5-year-old children. Scan J Dent Res 1994; 102:319–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roeters FJM, van der Hoeven JS, Burgersdijk RCW, Schaeken MJM. Lactobacilli, mutans streptococci and dental caries: a longitudinal study in 2-year-old children up to the age of 5 years. Caries Res 1995;29:272–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paunio P, Rautava P, Helenius H, Alanen P, Sillanpää M. The Finnish family competence study: the relationship between caries, dental health habits and general health in 3-year-old Finnish children. Caries Res 1993;27: 154–60.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz SS, Rosivack RG, Michelotti P. A child's sleeping habit as a cause of nursing caries. ASDC J Dent Child 1993;60:22–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milnes AR. Description and epidemiology of nursing caries. J Public Health Dent 1996;56:38–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shantinath SD, Breiger D, Williams BJ, Hasazi JE. The relationship of sleep problems and sleep-associated feeding to nursing caries. Pediatr Dent 1996;18:375–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hase JC, Birkhed D. Oral sugar clearance in elderly people with prosthodontic reconstructions. Scan J Dent Res 1991;99:333–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bradshaw DJ, McKee AS, Marsh PD. Effects of carbohydrate pulses and pH on population shifts within oral microbial communities in vitro. J Dent Res 1989;68:1298–302.
   Google Scholar
• Addy M, Bates JF. The effect of partial dentures and chlorhexidine gluconate gel on plaque accumulation in the absence of oral hygiene. J Clin Periodontol 1977;4:41–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Addy M, Bates JF. Plaque accumulation following the wearing of different types of removable partial dentures. J Oral Rehabil 1979;6:111–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eronat N, Eden E. A comparative study of some influencing factors of rampant or nursing caries in preschool children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1992;16:275–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alaluusua S, Myllärniemi S, Kallio M, Salmenperä L, Tainio V-M. Prevalence of caries and salivary levels of mutans streptococci in 5-year old children in relation to duration of breast feeding. Scand J Dent Res 1990;98:193–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts GJ, Cleaton-Jones PE, Fatti LP, Richarson BD, Sinwel RE, Hargreaves JA, et al. Patterns of breast and bottle feeding and their association with dental caries in 1- to 4-year-old South African children. 2. A case control study of children with nursing caries. Community Dent Health 1994;11:38–41.
   Google Scholar
• Williams SA, Hargreaves JA. An inquiry into the effects of health related behaviour on dental health among young Asian children resident in a fluoridated city in Canada. Community Dent Health 1990;7:413–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niemelä M, Uhari M, Möttönen M. A pacifier increases the risk of recurrent acute otitis media in children in day care centers. Pediatrics 1995;96:884–8.
   Google Scholar
• Larsson E. The effect of dummy-sucking on the occlusion: a review. Eur J Orthod 1986;8:127–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindner A, Modéer T. Relation between sucking habits and dental characteristics in preschoolchildren with unilateral cross-bite. Scan J Dent Res 1989;97:278–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Modéer T, Odenrick L, Lindner A. Sucking habits and their relation to posterior cross-bite in 4-year-old children. Scan J Dent Res 1982;90: 323–8.
   Google Scholar
• Keyes J.M. Bacteriological findings and biological implications. Int Dent J 1962;12:443–64.
   Google Scholar