References
- Moon CN, Jr, Hahn MJ. Primary malleus fixation: diagnosis and treatment. Laryngoscope 1981; 91: 1298–307
- House HP. Diagnostic aspects of congenital ossicular fixation. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1956; 60: 787–90
- Goodhill V. The fixed malleus syndrome. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1966; 70: 370–80
- Swartz JD, Wolfson RJ, Marlowe FI, Popky GL. Postinflammatory ossicular fixation: CT analysis with surgical correlation. Radiology 1985; 154: 697–700
- Harris JP, Mehta RP, Nadol JB. Malleus fixation: clinical and histopathologic findings. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 111: 246–54
- Vincent R, Lopez A, Sperling NM. Malleus ankylosis: a clinical, audiometric, histologic, and surgical study of 123 cases. Am J Otol 1999; 20: 717–25
- HF Schuknecht, editor. Pathology of the ear, 2nd ed. PhiladelphiaPA: Lea & Febiger; 1993. p. 7–13, 166, 562–3.
- L Michaels, Hellquist, HB, editors. Ear, nose and throat pathology, 2nd ed. London: Springer-Verlag; 2001. p. 23–8, 42–53, 118–25.
- Tos M. Tympanoplasty for bony ossicular fixation. Arch Otolaryngol 1974; 99: 422–7
- Tos M. Bony fixation of the malleus and incus. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1970; 70: 95–104
- GT Nager, editor. Pathology of the ear and temporal bone. BaltimoreMD: Williams & Wilkins; 1993. p. 952–7.
- JB Nadol, Jr, Schuknecht, HF, editors. Surgery of the ear and temporal bone. New York: Raven Press; 1993. p. 235–6.
- Nandapalan V, Pollak A, Langner A, Fisch U. The anterior and superior malleal ligaments in otosclerosis: a histopathologic observation. Otol Neurotol 2002; 23: 854–61
- Huber A, Koike T, Wada H, Nandapalan V, Fisch U. Fixation of the anterior mallear ligament: diagnosis and consequences for hearing results in stapes surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2003; 112: 348–55
- Martin, C, Martin, H, Prades, JM, Garban, T, Marcopoulos, C. Ankylosis of the malleus head. Etiology, therapeutic indications and results. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1986;103:19–25, (in French).
- Katzke D, Plester D. Idiopathic malleus head fixation as a cause of a combined conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Clin Otolaryngol 1981; 6: 39–44
- Singleton GT. Ossicular fixation to the tegmen. Laryngoscope 1976; 86: 209–10