References
- Yang GSY, Song HT, Keithley EM, Harris JP. Intratympanic immunosuppressive for prevention of immune-mediated sensorineural hearing loss. Am J Otol 2000; 21: 499–504
- Harris J, Ryan A. Immunobiology of the inner ear. Am J Otolaryngol 1984; 5: 418–25
- Gloddek B, Arnold W. Clinical and experimental studies of autoimmune inner ear disease. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 2002; 548: 10–14
- Stone JH, Francis HW. Immune-mediated inner ear disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2000; 12: 32–40
- Rahman MU, Poe DS, Choi HK. Autoimmune vestibulo-cochlear disorders. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2001; 13: 184–9
- Bovo R, Aimoni C, Martini A. Immune-mediated inner ear disease. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 2006; 126: 1012–21
- Moskowitz D, Lee KJ, Smith HW. Steroid use in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope 1984; 94: 664–6
- Kanzaki J, O-uchi T, Tsuchihashi N. Steroid-responsive sensorineural hearing loss: combination therapy with prednisolone and Sairei-to. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1993; 55: 24–9
- Haynes BF, Pikus A, Kaiser-Kupfer M, Fauci AS. Successful treatment of sudden hearing loss in Cogan's syndrome with corticosteroids. Arthritis Rheum 1981; 24: 501–3
- McCabe BF. Autoimmune inner ear disease: therapy. Am J Otol 1989; 10: 196–7
- Shea JJ. Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss as an aggravating factor in Meniere's disease. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1983; 30: 254–7
- Shea JJ, Jr, Ge X. Dexamethasone perfusion of the labyrinth plus intravenous dexamethasone for Meniere's disease. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1996; 29: 353–8
- Ariyasu L, Byl FM, Sprague MS, Adour KK. The beneficial effect of methylprednisolone in acute vestibular vertigo. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990; 116: 700–3
- Sakata E, Itoh A, Itoh Y. Treatment of cochlear tinnitus with dexamethasone infusion into the tympanic cavity. Int Tinnitus J 1996; 2: 129–35
- Takemura K, Komeda M, Yagi M, Himeno C, Izumikawa M, Doi T, et al. Direct inner ear infusion of dexamethasone attenuates noise-induced trauma in guinea pig. Hear Res 2004; 196: 58–8
- El-Hennawi DM, El-Deen MH, Abou-Halawa AS, Nadeem HS, Ahmed MR. Efficacy of intratympanic methylprednisolone acetate in treatment of drill-induced sensorineural hearing loss in guinea pigs. J Laryngol Otol 2005; 119: 2–7
- Karlidag T, Yalcin S, Ozturk A, Ustundag B, Gok U, Kaygusuz I, et al. The role of free oxygen radicals in noise induced hearing loss: effects of melatonin and methylprednisolone. Auris Nasus Larynx 2002; 29: 147–52
- Parnes LS, Sun AH, Freeman DJ. Corticosteroid pharmacokinetics in the inner ear fluids: an animal study followed by clinical application. Laryngoscope 1999; 109: 1–17
- Brown JN, Miller JM, Altschuler RA, Nuttall AL. Osmotic pump implant for chronic infusion of drugs into the inner ear. Hear Res 1993; 70: 67–72
- Prieskorn DM, Miller JM. Technical report: chronic and acute intracochlear infusion in rodents. Hear Res 2000; 140: 212–15
- Chandrasekhar SS, Rubinstein RY, Kwartler JA, Gatz M, Connelly PE, Huang E, et al. Dexamethasone pharmacokinetics in the inner ear: comparison of route of administration and use of facilitating agents. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 122: 521–8
- Liu HJ, Dong MM, Chi FL. Dexamethasone pharmacokinetics in Guinea pig inner ear perilymph. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2006; 68: 93–8
- Carpenter AM, Muchow D, Goycoolea MV. Ultrastructural studies of the human round window membrane. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989; 115: 585–90
- Schachern PA, Paparella MM, Duvall AJ III, Choo YB. The human round window membrane. An electron microscopic study. Arch Otolaryngol 1984; 110: 15–21
- Goycoolea MV. Clinical aspects of round window membrane permeability under normal and pathological conditions. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 2001; 121: 437–47
- Goycoolea MV, Paparella MM, Juhn SK. Oval and round window changes in otitis media. Potential pathways between middle and inner ear. Laryngoscope 1980; 90: 1387–91
- Goycooolea MV, Muchow D, Schachern P. Experimental studies on round window structure: function and permeability. Laryngoscope 1988; 98: 1–20
- Lundman L, Santi PA, Morizono T, Harada T, Juhn SK, Bagger-Sjöbäck D. Inner ear damage and passage through the round window membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in a chinchilla model. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1992; 101: 437–44
- Spandow O, Anniko M, Moller AR. The round window as access route for agents injurious to the inner ear. Am J Otolaryngol 1988; 9: 327–35
- Oshiro EM, Shelton C, Lusted HS. Role of perilymphatic fistula in sudden hearing loss: an animal model. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989; 98: 491–5
- Alles MJ, der Gaag MA, Stokroos RJ. Intratympanic steroid therapy for inner ear diseases, a review of the literature. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 263: 791–7
- Chelikh L, Teixeira M, Martin C, Sterkers O, Ferrary E, Couloigner V. High variability of perilymphatic entry of neutral molecules through the round window. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 2003; 123: 199–202
- Goycoolea MV, Lundman L. Round window membrane. Structure function and permeability: a review. Microsc Res Tech 1997; 36: 201–11
- Naci Ozluoglu L, Yilmaz I, Akkuzu B, Haberal A. Buffered papaverine facilitates passage of intratympanic dexamethasone to the inner ear. Acta Otolaryngol 2006; 126: 1260–5
- Scheibe F, Haupt H, Bergmann K. On sources of error in the biochemical study of perilymph (guinea-pig). Arch Otolaryngol 1984; 240: 43–8
- Salt AN, Kellner C, Hale S. Contamination of perilymph sampled from the basal cochlear turn with cerebrospinal fluid. Hear Res 2003; 182: 24–33