References
- Chandler JR. Malignant external otitis. Laryngoscope 1968;78:1257–94.
- Chawdhary G, Liow N, Democratis J, Whiteside O. Necrotising (malignant) otitis externa in the UK: a growing problem. Review of five cases and analysis of national Hospital Episode Statistics trends. J Laryngol Otol 2015;129:600–3.
- Mahdyoun P, Pulcini C, Gahide I, Raffaelli C, Savoldelli C, Castillo L, Guevara N. Necrotizing otitis externa: a systematic review. Otol Neurotol 2015;34:620–9.
- Cohen D, Friedman P. The diagnostic criteria of malignant external otitis. J Laryngol Otol 1987;101:216–21.
- Chen YA, Chan KC, Chen CK, Wu CM. Differential diagnosis and treatments of necrotizing otitis externa: a report of 19 cases. Auris Nasus Larynx 2011;38:666–70.
- Hobson CE, Moy JD, Byers KE, Raz Y, Hirsch BE, McCall AA. Malignant otitis externa: evolving pathogens and implications for diagnosis and treatment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;151:112–16.
- Hollis S, Evans K. Management of malignant (necrotising) otitis externa. J Laryngol Otol 2011;125:1212–17.
- Kwon BJ, Han MH, Oh SH, Song JJ, Chang KH. MRI findings and spreading patterns of necrotizing external otitis: is a poor outcome predictable? Clin Radiol 2006;61:495–504.
- Lambor DV, Das CP, Goel HC, Tiwari M, Lambor SD, Fegade MW. Necrotising otitis externa: clinical profile and management protocol. J Laryngol Otol 2013;127:1071–7.
- Grandis JR, Branstetter BF IV, Yu VL. The changing face of malignant (necrotising) external otitis: clinical, radiological, and anatomic correlations. Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4:34–9.
- Pankhania M, Bashyam A, Judd O, Jassar P. Antibiotic prescribing trends in necrotising otitis externa: a survey of 85 trusts in the United Kingdom: our experience. Clin Otolaryngol 2015;41:293–6.
- Pulcini C, Mahdyoun P, Cua E, Gahide I, Castillo L, Guevara N. Antibiotic therapy in necrotising external otitis: case series of 32 patients and review of the literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012;31:3287–94.
- Bernstein JM, Holland NJ, Porter GC, Maw AR. Resistance of Pseudomonas to ciprofloxacin: implications for the treatment of malignant otitis externa. J Laryngol Otol 2007;121:118–23.
- Berenholz L, Katzenell U, Harell M. Evolving resistant pseudomonas to ciprofloxacin in malignant otitis externa. Laryngoscope 2002;112:1619–22.
- Courson AM, Vikram HR, Barrs DM. What are the criteria for terminating treatment for necrotizing (malignant) otitis externa? Laryngoscope 2014;124:361–2.
- Mehrotra P, Elbadawey MR, Zammit-Maempel I. Spectrum of radiological appearances of necrotising external otitis: a pictorial review. J Laryngol Otol 2011;125:1109–15.
- Grandis JR, Curtin HD, Yu VL. Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis: prospective comparison of CT and MR imaging in diagnosis and follow-up. Radiology 1995;196:499–504.
- Slattery WH, III, Brackmann DE. Skull base osteomyelitis. Malignant external otitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1996;29:795–806.