References
- Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, et al. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192–206.
- Lovato A, de Filippis C, Marioni G. Upper airway symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41 4:(3):102474.
- Zhang X, Chen X, Chen L, et al. The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface. Ocul Surf. 2020;18(3):360–362.
- Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, et al. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(19):1814–1820.
- Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S, et al. Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA. 2020;323(15):1488–1494.
- Agyeman AA, Chin KL, Landersdorfer CB, et al. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(8):1621–1631.
- Saniasiaya J, Kulasegarah J. Auditory cinchonism in COVID era. Ear Nose Throat J. 2020;99(9):597–598.
- Maharaj S, Bello Alvarez M, Mungul S, et al. Otologic dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2020;5(6):1192–1196.
- Abboud H, Abboud FZ, Kharbouch H, et al. COVID-19 and SARS-Cov-2 infection: pathophysiology and clinical effects on the nervous system. World Neurosurg. 2020;140:49–53.
- Freni F, Meduri A, Gazia F, et al. Symptomatology in head and neck district in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a possible neuroinvasive action of SARS-CoV-2. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(5):102612.
- Mathers C, Smith A, Concha M. Global burden of hearing loss in the year 2000. Global Burden ofDisease. 2000;18:1–30.
- Karosi T, Konya J, Petko M, et al. Histologic otosclerosis is associated with the presence of measles virus in the stapes footplate. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26(6):1128–1133.
- Dalton DS, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BEK, et al. The impact of hearing loss on quality of life in older adults. Gerontologist. 2003;43(5):661–668.
- Hogan A, O’Loughlin K, Miller P, et al. The health impact of a hearing disability on older people in Australia. J Aging Health. 2009;21(8):1098–1111.
- Yueh B, Shapiro N, MacLean C, et al. Screening and management of adult hearing loss in primary care: scientific review. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003;289(15):1976–1985.
- Delgado-Roche L, Mesta F. Oxidative stress as key player in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Arch Med Res. 2020;51(5):384–387.
- Li Y, Li H, Fan R, et al. Coronavirus infections in the central nervous system and respiratory tract show distinct features in hospitalized children. Intervirology. 2016;59(3):163–169.
- Benghanem S, Mazeraud A, Azabou E, et al. Brainstem dysfunction in critically ill patients. Critic Care. 2020;24(1):5.
- Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, et al. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004;203(2):631–637.
- Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, et al. Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020;11(7):995–998.