The ICC, Uganda and the LRA: Re-Framing the Debate

References

• Akhavan , P. 1997 . Justice and Reconciliation in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: The Contribution of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda . Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law , 7 : 325 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Akhavan , P. 1998 . Justice in The Hague, Peace in the Former Yugoslavia? A Commentary on the United Nations War Crimes Tribunal . Human Rights Quarterly , 20 : 737 – 816 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhavan , P. 2005 . The Lord's Resistance Army Case: Uganda's Submission of the First State Referral to the International Criminal Court . The American Journal of International Law , 99 : 403 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , T. 2008a . Trial Justice: The International Criminal Court and the Lord's Resistance Army , London : David Philip .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , T. 2008b . “ Ritual (Ab)use? Problems with Traditional Justice in Northern Uganda ” . In Courting Conflict? Edited by: Waddell and Clark .
   Google Scholar
• Amnesty International . 2008 . Letter to the UN Security Council – 1 April 2008 . http://appablog.wordpress.com/2008/04/04/uganda-amnesty-international-letter-to-unsc-re-icc-and-joseph-kony/ (accessed 15 February 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Amstutz , M. R. 2005 . The Healing of Nations: The Promise and Limits of Political Forgiveness , Lanham , MD : Rowman and Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Apuuli , K. P. 2006 . The ICC Arrest Warrants for the Lord's Resistance Army Leaders and Peace Prospects for Northern Uganda . Journal of International Criminal Justice , 4 : 179 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Apuuli , K. P. 2008 . The ICC's Possible Deferral of the LRA Case to Uganda . Journal of International Criminal Justice , 6 : 801 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Arsanjani , M. H. and Reisman , M. W. 2005 . The Law-In-Action of the International Criminal Court . American Journal of International Law , 99 : 385 – 403 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aukerman , M. J. 2002 . Extraordinary Evil: A Framework for Understanding Transitional Justice . Harvard Human Rights Journal , 15 : 39 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Baines , E. 2005 . Roco Wat I Acoli: Restoring Relationships in Acholi-land – Traditional Approaches to Justice and Reconciliation . http://www.ligi.ubc.ca/sites/liu/files/Publications/JRP/15Sept2005_Roco_Wat_I_Acoli.pdf (accessed 31 March 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Baines , E. 2007a . The Cooling of Hearts: Community Truth-Telling in Acholi-land – Special Report, July 2007 . http://www.ligi.ubc.ca/?p2=/modules/liu/publications/view.jsp&id=2036 (accessed 20 March 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Baines , E. 2007b . The Haunting of Alice: Local Approaches to Justice and Reconciliation in Northern Uganda . The International Journal of Transitional Justice , 1 : 91 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassiouni , M. C. 1996 . Searching for Peace and Achieving Justice: The Need for Accountability . Law and Contemporary Problems , 59 : 9 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Biggar , N. 2002 . Peace and Justice: A Limited Reconciliation . Ethical Theory and Moral Practice , 5 : 167 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Bloomfield , D. 2006 . On Good Terms: Clarifying Reconciliation . Berghof Report , 14 : 1 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Branch , A. 2007 . Uganda's Civil War and the Politics of ICC Intervention . Ethics and International Affairs , 2 : 179 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Cassese , A. 1998a . Reflections on International Justice . The Modern Law Review , 61 : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Cassese , A. 1998b . On the Current Trends Towards Criminal Prosecution and Punishment of Breaches of International Humanitarian Law . European Journal of International Law , 9 : 2 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , J. N. 2008a . The Three Rs: Retributive Justice, Restorative Justice and Reconciliation . Contemporary Justice Review , 11 : 331 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , J. N. 2009a . Judging the ICTY: Has It Achieved Its Objectives? . Southeast European and Black Sea Studies , 9 : 123 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , J. N. 2009b . International War Crimes Tribunals and the Challenge of Outreach . International Criminal Law Review , 9 : 99 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , J. N. 2009c . The Limits of Retributive Justice: Findings of an Empirical Study in Bosnia and Hercegovina . Journal of International Criminal Justice , 7 : 463 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , J. N. 2009d . From Negative to Positive Peace: The Case of Bosnia and Hercegovina . Journal of Human Rights , 8 : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , P. 2008b . “ Law, Politics and Pragmatism: The ICC and Case Selection in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo ” . In Courting Conflict? Edited by: Waddell and Clark .
   Google Scholar
• Del Ponte , C. 2008 . Madame Prosecutor: Confrontations with Humanity's Worst Criminals and the Culture of Impunity , New York : Other Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher , L. E. and Weinstein , H. M. 2002 . Violence and Social Repair: Rethinking the Contribution of Justice to Reconciliation . Human Rights Quarterly , 24 : 573 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher , L. E. and Weinstein , H. M. 2004 . “ A World unto Itself? The Application of International Justice in the former Yugoslavia ” . In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity , Edited by: Stover , E. and Weinstein , H. M. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goldstone , R. 1996 . Justice as a Tool for Peacemaking: Truth Commissions and International Criminal Tribunals . New York University Journal of International Law and Policy , 28 : 485 – 505 .
   Google Scholar
• Grono , N. and O'Brien , A. 2008 . “ Justice in Conflict? The ICC and Peace Processes ” . In Courting Conflict? Edited by: Waddell and Clark .
   Google Scholar
• Huyse , L. 2008 . “ Introduction: Tradition-Based Approaches in Peacemaking, Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Policies ” . In Traditional Justice and Reconciliation After Violent Conflict Edited by: Huyse and Salter .
   Google Scholar
• Huyse , L. and Salter , M. 2008 . Traditional Justice and Reconciliation After Violent Conflict: Learning From African Experiences , Edited by: Huyse , L. and Salter , M. Stockholm : International IDEA .
   Google Scholar
• International Criminal Court (ICC) . 2005 . Joint Statement by ICC Chief Prosecutor and the Visiting Delegation of Lango, Acholi, Iteso and Madi Leaders from Northern Uganda . http://www.icc-cpi-int/menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situations%20icc%200204/press%20releases/joint%20statement%20by%20icc%20chief%20prosecutor%20and%20the%20visiting%20delegation%20of%20lango%20acholi%20iteso%20and%20madi%20c?lan=en-GB (accessed 2 April 2009)
   Google Scholar
• International Criminal Court (ICC) . 2006 . ICC Holds Workshop in Northern Uganda with Acholi Traditional Leaders . http://www2.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/2006/icc%20holds%20workshop%20in%20northern%20uganda%20with%20acholi%20traditional%20leaders (accessed 2 April 2009)
   Google Scholar
• International Criminal Court (ICC) . 2007a . Outreach Report 2007: Public Information and Documentation Section/Outreach Unit , (provided by the ICC Outreach Office in The Hague) .
   Google Scholar
• International Criminal Court (ICC) . 2007b . CSOs Attend ICC Workshops in the Ugandan Acholi Sub-Region . http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/structure%20of%20the%20court/outreach/uganda/press%20releases/csos%20attend%20icc%20workshops%20in%20the%20ugandan%20acholi%20sub-region?lan=en-GB (accessed 2 April 2009)
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group (ICG) . 2008 . Northern Uganda: The Road to Peace, With or Without Kony . http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=5804&1=1 (accessed 3 April 2009)
   Google Scholar
• IRIN . 2006 . Justice for a Lawless World? Rights and Reconciliation in a New Era of International Law – Part II (July) . http://www.irinnews.org/pdf/in-depth/RightsAndReconciliationPart2.pdf (accessed 31 March 2009)
   Google Scholar
• IRIN . 2007 . Uganda-Sudan: Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA Second in Command . http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?InDepthId=58&ReportId=72472 (accessed 31 March 2009)
   Google Scholar
• IRIN . 2009 . Uganda: Getting Rid of the Ghosts for Returnees in Acholi . http://www.irinnews.org/PrintReport.aspx?ReportId=83447 (accessed 31 March 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , A. 2009 . Medical Charity Criticises UN for Inaction Over LRA Attacks in Congo . http://www.guardian.co.uk/katine/2009/feb/16/criticism-for-un-peacekeepers (accessed 12 April 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Kirk McDonald , G. 2004 . Problems, Obstacles and Achievements of the ICTY . Journal of International Criminal Justice , 2 : 558 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Kritz , N. J. 1996 . Coming to Terms with Atrocities: A Review of Accountability Mechanisms for Mass Violations of Human Rights . Law and Contemporary Problems , 59 : 127 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Latigo , J. O. 2008 . “ Northern Uganda: Tradition-Based Practices in the Acholi Region ” . In Traditional Justice and Reconciliation After Violent Conflict Edited by: Huyse and Salter .
   Google Scholar
• Mani , R. 2007 . Beyond Retribution: Seeking Justice in the Shadows of War , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Meernik , J. 2005 . Justice and Peace? How the International Criminal Tribunal Affects Societal Peace in Bosnia . Journal of Peace Research , 42 : 271 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghalu , K. C. 2004 . “ Reconciling Fractured Societies: An African Perspective on the Role of Judicial Prosecutions ” . In From Sovereign Impunity to International Accountability: The Search for Justice in a World of States , Edited by: Thakur , R. and Malcontent , P. Tokyo : United Nations Press .
   Google Scholar
• Orentlicher , D. 2007 . “Settling Accounts” Revisited: Reconciling Global Norms with Local Agency . The International Journal of Transitional Justice , 1 : 10 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pain , D. 1997 . The Bending of the Spears: Producing Consensus for Peace and Development in Northern Uganda , London : International Alert and Kacoke Madit .
   Google Scholar
• Peskin , V. 2009 . International Justice in Rwanda and the Balkans: Virtual Trials and the Struggle for State Cooperation , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pham , P. , Vinck , P. , Wierda , M. , Stover , E. and Di Giovanni , A. 2005 . Forgotten Voices: A Population-Based Survey on Attitudes about Peace and Justice in Northern Uganda , Berkeley , CA : International Centre for Transitional Justice and the Human Rights Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Pham , P. , Vinck , P. and Stover , E. 2008 . The Lord's Resistance Army and Forced Conscription in Northern Uganda . Human Rights Quarterly , 30 : 404 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Refugee Law Project . 2005a . “ Peace First, Justice Later: Traditional Justice in Northern Uganda ” . In Working Paper No. 17 (July)
   Google Scholar
• Refugee Law Project . 2005b . Whose Justice? Perceptions of Uganda's Amnesty Act 2000: The Potential for Conflict Resolution and Long-Term Reconciliation . Working Paper No. 15 , (February)
   Google Scholar
• Reydams , L. 2005 . The ICTR Ten Years On: Back to the Nuremberg Paradigm? . Journal of International Criminal Justice , 3 : 977 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Sachs , Justice A. 2008 . “ Foreword ” . In Courting Conflict? Edited by: Waddell and Clark .
   Google Scholar
• Scharf , M. P. 1999 . The Amnesty Exception to the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court . Cornell International Law Journal , 32 : 507 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson , G. 2008 . “ One Among Many: The ICC as a Tool of Justice During Transition ” . In Courting Conflict? Edited by: Waddell and Clark .
   Google Scholar
• Southwick , K. 2005 . Investigating War in Northern Uganda: Dilemmas for the International Criminal Court . Yale Journal of International Affairs , 1 : 105 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Ssenyonjo , M. 2005 . Accountability of Non-State Actors in Uganda for War Crimes and Human Rights Violations: Between Amnesty and the International Criminal Court . Journal of Conflict and Security Law , 10 : 405 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Ssenyonjo , M. 2007 . The International Criminal Court and the Lord's Resistance Army Leaders: Prosecution or Amnesty? . Netherlands International Law Review , 54 : 51–80
   Google Scholar
• Tutu , D. 1999 . No Future Without Forgiveness , London : Rider .
   Google Scholar
• Volf , M. 2000 . Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Justice: A Theological Contribution to a More Peaceful Social Environment . Millennium: Journal of International Studies , 29 ( 3 ) : 861 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddell , N. and Clark , P. 2008a . Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa Edited by: Waddell , N. and Clark , P.
   Google Scholar
• Waddell , N. and Clark , P. 2008b . “ Introduction ” . In Courting Conflict? Edited by: Waddell and Clark .
   Google Scholar
• Wierda , M. and Otim , M. 2008 . “ Justice at Juba: International Obligations and Local Demands in Northern Uganda ” . In Courting Conflict? Edited by: Waddell and Clark .
   Google Scholar
• Zehr , H. 1990 . Changing Lenses: A New Focus for Crime and Justice , Scottsdale , PA : Herald Press .
   Google Scholar