563
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

‘The Men Seldom Suffer a Woman to Sit Down’: The Historical Development of the Stereotype of the ‘Lazy African’

Pages 211-227 | Received 14 Nov 2013, Accepted 08 Dec 2013, Published online: 04 Jun 2014

References

  • Adams, J. 1813. Remarks on the Country Extending from Cape Palmas to the River Congo. London.
  • Alatas, S.H. 1977. The Myth of the Lazy Native. A Study of the Image of the Malays, Filipinos and Javanese from the 16th to the 20th Century and its Function in the Ideology of Colonial Capitalism. London: Frank.
  • Alvares, M. 1990 [c. 1615]. ‘Ethiopia Minor and a geographical account of the province of Sierra Leone’. Unpublished manuscript, Liverpool University <http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/AfricanStudies/Africana> (accessed 13 June 2013).
  • Atkins, J. 1970 [1735]. A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil & the West Indies. London: Frank Cass & Co, Ltd.
  • Atkins, K. 1993. The Moon is Dead! Give us our Money! The Cultural Origins of an African Work Ethic, Natal, South Africa, 1843–1900. Portsmoth: Heinemann.
  • Barbot, J. 1992 [1678–1712]. Barbot on Guinea. London: Hakluyt Society.
  • Barker, A. 1978. The African Link: British Attitudes to the Negro in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1550–1807. London: Frank Cass.
  • Beecham, J. 1841. Ashantee and the Gold Coast. London: John Mason.
  • Berger, I. & White, F. 1999. Women in sub-Saharan Africa: Restoring Women to History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Blackburn, R. 1997a. The Making of New World Slavery. From the Baroque to the Modern 1492–1800. London: Verso.
  • Blackburn, R. 1997b. ‘The old world background to European colonial slavery’. William and Mary Quarterly 54(1):65–102. doi: 10.2307/2953313
  • Boserup, B.E. 1970. Womans Role in Economic Development. London: George Allen and Unwin.
  • Brooks, G. 2003. Eurafricans in Western Africa: Commerce, Social Status, Gender, and Religious Observance from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Athens: Ohio University Press.
  • Clarkson, T. 1804 [1786]. An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species. Philadelphia: MOMW (accessed 6 June 2013).
  • Coetzee, J.M. 1982. ‘Idleness in South Africa’. Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies 8(1):1–13. doi: 10.1080/02533958208458311
  • Cohen, W. 1980. The French Encounter with Africans: White Response to Blacks, 1530–1880. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Curtin, P. 1973. The Image of Africa: British Ideas and Action, 1780–1850. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Daykin, J. 2006. “They themselves contribute to their misery by their sloth’: the justification of slavery in eighteenth-century French travel narratives’. European Legacy 11(6):623–32. doi: 10.1080/10848770600918117
  • De Almada, A.A. 1984 [c. 1594]. ‘Brief treatise on the rivers of Guinea’. Unpublished manuscript, Liverpool University <http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/AfricanStudies/Africana> (accessed 13 June 2013).
  • De Zurara, G.E. 2010 [1453]. The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea. Vol 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Doty, R.L. 1996. Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North-South Relations. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Eze, E.C. 1993. ‘Rationality and the debates about African philosophy’. Dissertation, Fordham University, New York.
  • Falconbridge, A.M. 1802. Narrative of Two Voyages to the River Sierra Leone. London: MOMW (accessed 13 February 2012).
  • Fall, B. 2002. Social History in French West Africa: Forced Labour, Labour Market, Women and Politics. Amsterdam: SEPHIS.
  • Falola, T. & Amponsah, N.A. 2012. Womens Roles in sub-Saharan African (Womens Roles through History). Santa Barbara: Greenwood.
  • Genovese, E. 1974. Roll, Jordan, Roll. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Gikandi, S. 2011. Slavery and the Culture of Taste. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Hawkins, J. 1797. A History of a Voyage to the Coast of Africa. Troy: ECCO.
  • Hollingworth, S. 1788. A Dissertation on the Manners, Governments, and Spirit, of Africa. Edinburgh: ECCO.
  • Hufton, O. 1995. The Prospect Before Her: A History of Women in Western Europe, 1500–1800. London: Fontana Press.
  • Ipsen, P. 2008. Kokos Daughters: Danish Men Marrying Ga Women in an Atlantic Slave Trading Port in the Eighteenth Century. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen.
  • Isert, P.E. 1992 [1788]. Letters on West Africa and the Slave Trade. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Jordan, S. 2003. The Anxieties of Idleness: Idleness in Eighteenth-Century British Literature and Culture. Lewisburg. Bucknell University Press.
  • Kolchin, P. 1980. ‘In defense of Servitude: American proslavery and Russian proserfdom arguments, 1760–1860’. American Historical Review 85(4):809–27. doi: 10.2307/1868873
  • Loomba, A. 1998. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. London: Routledge.
  • Mackay, R. 2006. ‘Lazy, Improvident People’: Myth and Reality in the Writing of Spanish History. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Magubane, Z. 2001. ‘Labor laws and stereotypes: images of the Khoikhoi in the Cape in the Age of Abolition’, in M. Palmberg (ed), Encounter Images in the Meetings between Africa and Europe. Uppsala. Nordic Africa Institute.
  • Manning, P. 1990. Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Marshall, P.J. & Williams, G. 1982. The Great Map of Mankind. British Perceptions of the World in the Age of Enlightenment. London: J.M. Dent & Sons.
  • Middleton, C. 1777. A New and Complete System of Geography. Vol 1. London: ECCO.
  • Norris, R. 1789. Memoirs of the Reign of Bossa Ahadee, King of Dahomy. Gallica (accessed 1 February 2013).
  • Oettinger, J.P. 1985 [1692–93]. ‘Account of his voyage to Guinea’, in A. Jones, Brandenburg Sources for West African History. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
  • Okia, O. 2012. Communal Labor in Colonial Kenya: The Legitimization of Coercion, 1912–1930. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Perbi, A.A. 2004. A History of Indigenous Slavery in Ghana from the 15th to the 19th Century. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers.
  • Reynolds, E. 1974. Trade and Economic Change on the Gold Coast, 1807–1874. Harlow: Longman.
  • Ritchie, C.I.A. 1967. ‘Impressions of Senegal in the seventeenth century’. African Studies 26(2):59–93. doi: 10.1080/00020186708707254
  • Rönnbäck, K. In press. ‘The idle and the industrious: European ideas about African work ethic in pre-colonial West Africa’. Forthcoming in History in Africa.
  • Rönnbäck, K. 2014. ‘Living standards on the pre-colonial Gold Coast: a quantitative estimate of African labourers’ welfare ratios’. Forthcoming in the European Review of Economic History.
  • Saidi, C. 2010. Womens Authority and Society in Early East-Central Africa. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.
  • Sala-Molins, L. 2006. Dark Side of the Light: Slavery and the French Enlightenment. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Salmon, T. 1725. Modern History; or, the Present State of All Nations. London: ECCO (accessed 29 January 2013).
  • Saugnier, F. 1792. Voyages to the Coast of Africa. London: MOMW (accessed 28 January 2013).
  • Smith, J.H. 1964. ‘Observations on the state of trade at several British forts on the Gold Coast’, in G.E. Metcalfe, Great Britain and Ghana. Documents of Ghana History 1807–1957. Accra: University of Ghana.
  • Smith, W. 1744. A New Voyage to Guinea. London: ECCO (accessed 28 January 2013).
  • Snoek, J. 1721. In W. Bosman, A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea (2nd edition). London: MOMW (accessed 13 February 2012).
  • Spilsbury, F. 1807. Account of a Voyage to the Western Coast of Africa. London: MOMW (accessed 13 February 2012).
  • Teixeira da Mota, A. & Hair, P.E.H. (eds). 1988. East of Mina: Afro-European Relations on the Gold Coast in the 1550 s and 1560 s. An essay with supporting documents. Madison: WISC.
  • Thompson, E.P. 1967. ‘Time, work-discipline, and industrial capitalism’. Past & Present 38:56–97. doi: 10.1093/past/38.1.56
  • Van der Linden, M. 2011. ‘Studying attitudes to work worldwide, 1500–1650: concepts, sources, and problems of interpretation’. International Review of Social History 56:25–43. doi: 10.1017/S0020859011000368
  • Van Linschoten, J.H. 1598. His Discours on Voyages into ye East & West Indies. London: EEBO (accessed 27 April 2012).
  • Van Nyendal, D. 1721. In W. Bosman, A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea (2nd edition). London: MOMW (accessed 13 February 2012).
  • Wadström, C-B. 1794. An Essay on Colonization. Vol 1. London: MOMW (accessed 30 May 2013).
  • Whitehead, A. 1999. ‘“Lazy men”, time-use, and rural development in Zambia’. Gender & Development 7(3):49–61. doi: 10.1080/741923246
  • Whitehead, A. 2000. ‘Continuities and discontinuities in political constructions of the working man in rural sub-Saharan Africa: the ‘lazy man’ in African agriculture’. European Journal of Development Research 12:23–52. doi: 10.1080/09578810008426764
  • Williamson, D. 1772. A True Narrative of the Sufferings of …  London: ECCO (accessed 28 January 2013).
  • Winsnes, S.A. 2001. ‘An eye-witness, hearsay, hands-on report from the Gold Coast: Ludewig F. Rømeräs Tilforladelig Efterretning om Kysten Guinea’, in M. Palmberg (ed), Encounter Images in the Meetings between Africa and Europe. Uppsala. Nordic Africa Institute.
  • Yarak, L. 1989. ‘West African coastal slavery in the nineteenth century: the case of Afro-European slaveowners of Elmina’. Ethnohistory 36(1):44–60. doi: 10.2307/482740

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.