Effects of Competition with Four Nonnative Salmonid Species on Atlantic Salmon from Three Populations

REFERENCES

• Armstrong, J. D., P. S. Kemp, G. A. J. Kennedy, M. Ladle, and N. J. Milner 2003. Habitat requirements of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout in rivers and streams. Fisheries Research 62:143–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beall, E., M. Heland, and C. Marty. 1989. Interspecific relationships between emerging Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, and Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, juveniles. Journal of Fish Biology 35:285–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisson, P. A., K. Sullivan, and J. L. Nielsen. 1988. Channel hydraulics, habitat use, and body form of juvenile Coho Salmon, steelhead, and Cutthroat Trout in streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 117:262–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, D. W. 1966. Food and space as regulators of salmonid populations in streams. American Naturalist 100:345–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coghlan, S. M. Jr., M. J. Connerton, N. H. Ringler, D. J. Stewart, and J. V. Mead. 2007. Survival and growth responses of juvenile salmonines stocked in eastern Lake Ontario tributaries. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:56–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cone, R. S. 1989. The need to reconsider the use of condition indices in fishery science. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 118:510–514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada). 2006. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar (Lake Ontario population) in Canada. COSEWIC, Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada). 2010. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar (anadromous form) in Canada. COSEWIC, Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, S. S. 2001. Salmonine introductions to the Laurentian Great Lakes: an historical review and evaluation of ecological effects. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 132.
   Google Scholar
• Desjardins, J. K., M. R. Hazelden, G. J. Van der Kraak, and S. Balshine. 2006. Male and female cooperatively breeding fish provide support for the “challenge hypothesis.” Behavioral Ecology 17:149–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewan, A. K., and T. C. Tricas. 2011. Arginine vasotocin neuronal phenotypes and their relationship to aggressive behavior in the territorial monogamous Multiband Butterflyfish, Chaetodon multicinctus. Brain Research 1401:74–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimond, P., and J. Smitka. 2005. Evaluation of selected strains of Atlantic Salmon as potential candidates for the restoration of Lake Ontario. Trout Unlimited Canada, Technical Report ON-012, Guelph, Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Fausch, K. D. 1984. Profitable stream positions for salmonids: relating specific growth rate to net energy gain. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62:441–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fausch, K. D. 1988. Tests of competition between native and introduced salmonids in streams: what have we learned? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:2238–2246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fausch, K. D. 1998. Interspecific competition and juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): on testing effects and evaluating the evidence across scales. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:218–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner, S. R., B. N. Madison, N. J. Bernier, and B. D. Neff. 2008. Juvenile growth and aggression in diploid and triploid Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Biology 73:169–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, R. J. 1981. Behavioural interactions between Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) at the juvenile fluviatile stages. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1029.
   Google Scholar
• Greig, L., B. Ritchie, L. Carl, and C. A. Lewis. 2003. Potential and strategy for restoration of Atlantic Salmon in Lake Ontario: a workshop report. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough.
   Google Scholar
• Hasegawa, K., C. Yamazaki, K. Ohkuma, and M. Ban. 2012. Evidence that an ontogenetic niche shift by native Masu Salmon facilitates invasion by nonnative Brown Trout. Biological Invasions 14:2049–2056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearn, W. E., and B. E. Kynard. 1986. Habitat utilization and behavioral interaction of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Rainbow Trout (S. gairdneri) in tributaries of the White River of Vermont. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43:1988–1998.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heggenes, J., J. L. Bagliniere, and R. A. Cunjak. 1999. Spatial niche variability for young Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Brown Trout (S. trutta) in heterogeneous streams. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 8:1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heland, M., and E. Beall. 1997. Étude expérimentale de la compétition interspécifique entre juvéniles de Saumon Coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch, et de Saumon Atlantique, Salmo salar, en eau douce. [Experimental study of interspecific competition between Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, juveniles in freshwater.] Bulletin Francais de la Peche et de la Pisciculture 344/345:241–252.
   Google Scholar
• Holecek, D. E., K. J. Cromwell, and B. P. Kennedy. 2009. Juvenile Chinook Salmon summer microhabitat availability, use, and selection in a central Idaho wilderness stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:633–644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holway, D. A., and A. V. Suarez. 1999. Animal behavior: an essential component of invasion biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:328–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houde, A. L. S., A. D. Smith, C. C. Wilson, P. R. Peres-Neto, and B. D. Neff. In press. Competitive effects between non-native salmonids and two populations of Atlantic Salmon in natural and artificial streams. Ecology of Freshwater Fish. DOI: 10.1111/eff.12206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houde, A. L. S., C. C. Wilson, and B. D. Neff. 2015. Competitive interactions among multiple non-native salmonids and two populations of Atlantic Salmon. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 24:44–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huntingford, F. A. 2004. Implications of domestication and rearing conditions for the behaviour of cultivated fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 65:122–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huntingford, F. A., N. B. Metcalfe, J. E. Thorpe, W. D. Graham, and C. E. Adams. 1990. Social dominance and body size in Atlantic Salmon parr, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Biology 36:877–881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwama, G. K., L. O. B. Afonso, and M. M. Vijayan. 2004. Stress in fish. Pages 1–9 in AquaNet workshop on fish welfare. Campbell River, British Columbia.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, J. H., and P. A. Kucera. 1985. Summer–autumn habitat utilization of subyearling steelhead trout in tributaries of the Clearwater River, Idaho. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:2283–2290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, M. L., and L. W. Stanfield. 1993. Effects of exotic juvenile salmonines on growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in a Lake Ontario tributary. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 118:71–79.
   Google Scholar
• Jonsson, E., J. I. Johnsson, and B. T. Bjornsson. 1998. Growth hormone increases aggressive behavior in juvenile Rainbow Trout. Hormones and Behavior 33:9–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keenleyside, M. H. A., and F. T. Yamamoto. 1962. Territorial behaviour of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). Behaviour 19:139–169.
   Google Scholar
• Marsden, J. E., B. D. Chipman, B. Pientka, W. F. Schoch, and B. A. Young. 2010. Strategic plan for Lake Champlain fisheries. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Miscellaneous Publication 2010-03, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Maule, A. G., C. B. Schreck, and S. L. Kaattari. 1987. Changes in the immune system of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the parr-to-smolt transformation and after implantation of cortisol. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44:161–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meffe, G. K. 1995. Genetic and ecological guidelines for species reintroduction programs: application to Great Lakes fishes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 21:3–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalfe, N. B. 1986. Intraspecific variation in competitive ability and food intake in salmonids: consequences for budgets and growth rates. Journal of Fish Biology 28:525–531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morantz, D. L., R. K. Sweeney, C. S. Shirvell, and D. A. Longard. 1987. Selection of microhabitat in summer by juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44:120–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olden, J. D., N. L. Poff, M. R. Douglas, M. E. Douglas, and K. D. Fausch. 2004. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19:18–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, R. F., A. Silva, and A. V. M. Canário. 2009. Why do winners keep winning? Androgen mediation of winner but not loser effects in cichlid fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 276:2249–2256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OMNR (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources). 2005. Stocks catalogue. OMNR, Fish and Wildlife Branch, Peterborough.
   Google Scholar
• Pickering, A. D., and T. G. Pottinger. 1989. Stress responses and disease resistance in salmonid fish: effects of chronic elevation of plasma cortisol. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 7:253–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, T. P. 2005. The behavior and ecology of Pacific salmon and trout. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, R. J., D. L. G. Noakes, F. W. H. Beamish, and L. M. Carl. 2003. Chinook Salmon impede Atlantic Salmon conservation in Lake Ontario. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 12:66–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, R. J., M. S. Poos, D. L. G. Noakes, and F. W. H. Beamish. 2005. Effects of exotic salmonids on juvenile Atlantic Salmon behaviour. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 14:283–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simberloff, D. 2011. How common are invasion-induced ecosystem impacts? Biological Invasions 13:1255–1268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanfield, L. W., and M. L. Jones. 2003. Factors influencing rearing success of Atlantic Salmon stocked as fry and parr in Lake Ontario tributaries. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 23:1175–1183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tessier, N., and L. Bernatchez. 2000. A genetic assessment of single versus double origin of landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) from Lake Saint-Jean, Québec, Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57:797–804.
   Google Scholar
• Van Zwol, J. A., B. D. Neff, and C. C. Wilson. 2012a. The effect of nonnative salmonids on social dominance and growth of juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141:907–918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zwol, J. A., B. D. Neff, and C. C. Wilson. 2012b. The influence of non-native salmonids on circulating hormone concentrations in juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Animal Behaviour 83:119–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vehanen, T. 2006. Intra- and interspecific competition in hatchery landlocked salmon and Brown Trout in semi-natural streams. Environmental Biology of Fishes 76:255–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitousek, P. M. 1990. Biological invasions and ecosystem processes: towards an integration of population biology and ecosystem studies. Oikos 57:7–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpe, J. P., B. R. Anholt, and B. W. Glickman. 2001. Competition among juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss): relevance to invasion potential in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58:197–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, E. D., and K. D. Fausch. 2003. Interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids in streams: differences in biology and evidence for competition. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60:1018–1036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendelaar Bonga, S. E. 1997. The stress response in fish. Physiological Reviews 77:591–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar