Rapid Chromatography for the Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by GC-MS in Environmental Monitoring

REFERENCES

• Backe , C. , T. I. Cousins , and P. Larsson . 2005 . PCB in soils and estimated soil-air exchange fluxes of selected PCB congeners in the south of Sweden . Environ. Poll. 128 : 59 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Ballschmitter , K. , and M. Zell . 1980 . Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by capillary gas chromatography, composition of technical Arochlor- and Clophen-PCB mixhues . Fresen. Z. Anal. Chem. 302 : 20 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Bi , X. H. , S. G. Chu , and X. B. Xu . 2001 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyl contamination in Da Tong City, China . Bull. Environm. Contamin. Toxicol. 67 : 141 – 148 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cochran , J. W. , and G. M. Frame . 1999 . Recent developments in the high-resolution gas chromatography of polychlorinated biphenyls . J. Chromatography A 843 : 323 – 368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle , J. G. , T. A. Miles , E. Parker , and F. Cheng . 1998 . Quantification of total polychlorinated biphenyl by dechlorination to biphenyl by Pd/Fe and Pd/Mg bimetallic particles . Microchem. J. 60 : 290 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichelberger , J. W. , T. D. Behymer , and W. L. Budde . US EPA Method 525. Organic compounds in drinking water by LSE/GC/M. Revision 1.0, 2.0, 2.1 ( 1988 ).
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , M. D. 1997 . Analytical chemistry of PCBs . USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Frame , G. M. 1997 . Congener-specific PCB analysis . Anal. Chem. 69 : 468A – 475A .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frame , G. M. 1999 . Improved procedure for single DB-XLB column GC-MS-SIM quantitation of PCB congener distributions and characterization of two different preparations sold as “Aroclor 1254.” J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 : 533 – 540 .
   Google Scholar
• Galassi , S. , S. Valsecchi , and G. A. Tartari . 1997 . The distribution of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in two connected Himalayan lakes . Water Air Soil Poll. 99 : 717 – 725 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas , G. J. , and E. J. Guardia . 1968 . Production of antibodies against insecticide-protein conjugates . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 129 : 546 – 551 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidman , W. A. 1986 . Isomer specific determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in animal tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . Chromatographia 71 : 363 – 372 .
   Google Scholar
• Muir , D. , and E. Sverko . 2006 . Analytical methods for PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in environmental monitoring and surveillance: A critical appraisal . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 386 : 769 – 789 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullin , M. D. , C. M. Pochini ., S. McGrindle , M. Romkes , S. H. Safe , and L. M. Safe . 1984 . High resolution PCB analysis: Synthesis and chromatographic properties of all 209 PCB congeners . Environ. Sci. Technol. 18 : 468 – 476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakata , H. , S. Tanabe , R. Tatsukava , M. Amano , N. Miyazaki , and E. A. Petrov . 1997 . Bioaccumulation profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls including coplanar congeners and possible toxicological implications in Baikal seal (Phoca Sibirica) . Environ. Poll. 95 : 57 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellizzari , E. D. , M. A. Moseley , and S. D. Cooper . 1985 . Recent advances in the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental and biological media . J. Chromatogr. 334 : 277 – 314 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poliakova , O. V. , A. Lebedev , V. Petrosyan , O. Hanninen , A. Renzoni , D. Savva , and C. Walker . 1999 . Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the food chain of Lake Baikal . Toxicolog. Environ. Chem. 75 : 235 – 243 .
   Google Scholar
• Reiner , E. J. , R. E. Clement , A. B. Okey , and C. H. Marvin . 2006 . Advances in analytical techniques for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like PCBs . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 386 : 791 – 806 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelepchikov , A. A. , E. S. Brodsky , V. G. Zhilnikov , and D. B. Feshin . 2008. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides in environmental and biological objects by high resolution chromatomass-spectrometry. Mass-Spectrometriya 5: 245–258 (in Russian).
   Google Scholar
• Steichen , R. J. , R. G. Tuker , and E. I. J. Mechon . 1982 . J. Standardization of Aroclor lots for individual-peak gas chromatographic calibration . J. Chromatogr. A. 236 : 113 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Tsydenova , O. , T. B. Minh , N. Kajiwara , V. Batoev , and S. Tanabe . 2004 . Recent contamination by persistent organochlorines in Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica) from lake Baikal, Russia . Mar. Poll. Bull. 48 : 749 – 758 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) . 2003 . Proceedings of the UNEP workshop to develop a global POPs monitoring programme to support the effectiveness evaluation of the Stockholm convention, 24–27 March 2003. UNEP Chemicals, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 260 .
   Google Scholar
• US EPA Method 508a. Screening for polychlorinated biphenyls by perchlorination and gas chromatography. Revision 1.0. (1989) .
   Google Scholar
• US EPA Method 3630. Silica gel cleanup. Revision 3.0 (1996) .
   Google Scholar
• US EPA Method 3620. Florisil cleanup. Revision 2.0 (1996) .
   Google Scholar
• US EPA Method 3610. Alumina cleanup. Revision 2.0 (1996) .
   Google Scholar
• US EPA Method 3640. Gel-permiation cleanup. Revision 1.0 (1994) .
   Google Scholar
• US EPA Method 4020. Screening for polychlorinated biphenyls by immunoassay. Revision 0 (1996) .
   Google Scholar
• Vetter , W. , M. Weichbrodt , and E. Stoll . 2003 . Indication of geographic variations of organochlorine concentrations in the blubber of antarctic weddell seals (Leptonychotes Weddelli) . Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 : 840 – 844 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wells , D. E. , and P. Hess . 2000 . Sample handling and trace analysis of pollutants, techniques, applications and quality assurance . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar