Optimized Analytical Conditions for Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Antarctic krill Using Gas Chromatography

REFERENCES

• Adlof , R. , and G. List . 2004 . Analysis of triglyceride isomers by silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography Effect of column temperature on retention times . J. Chromatogr. A 1046 : 109 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOAC. 1998. Official Methods of Analysis ( , 16th edn, CD-ROM 3rd rev.). 1998 . Washington , DC : AOAC International.
   Google Scholar
• Belarbi , E. H. , E. Molina , and Y. Chisti . 2000 . A process for high yield and scaleable recovery of high purity eicosapentaenoic acid esters from microalgae and fish oil . Enzyme Microb. Technol. 26 : 516 – 529 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottino , N. R. 1975 . Lipid composition of two species of Antarctic krill: Euphausia superba and E. crystallophorias . Comp. Biochem. Physio. B 50B : 479 – 484 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottino , N. R. , J. Gennity , M. L. Lilly , E. Simmons , and G. Finne . 1980 . Seasonal and nutritional effects on the fatty acids of three species of shrimp, Penaeus setiferus, P. aztecus and P. duorarum . Aquaculture 19 : 139 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canakci , M. , and J. V. Gerpen . 2001 . Biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids . Transactions of ASAE 44 : 1429 – 1436 .
   Google Scholar
• Casais , C. , and R. Perez . 1988 . Fatty acids composition in mussels (Mytilus edulis) during red tides and shellfish poisoning in Galicia (N.W. Spain) . Rev. Latinoam. Quim. 19 : 67 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Christie , W. W. 1982 . Lipid Analysis, , 2nd edn. Oxford : Pergamon .
   Google Scholar
• Corden , C. 1998 . Scotia Pharmaceuticals. Personal communication, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Demirbas , A. 2003 . Bio-diesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterification and other methods: A survey . Energy Convers. Manag. 44 : 2093 – 2109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Felix , W. , M. R. Riley , W. Zimmt , and M. Kazz . 2009 . Pretreatment of yellow grease for efficient production of fatty acid methyl esters . Biomass Bioener. 33 : 558 – 563 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellingsen , T. , and V. Mohr . 1979 . A new process for the utilization of Antarctic krill . Process Biochem. 14 : 14 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman , B. , and H. Pryde . 1984 . Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61 : 1638 – 1643 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fricke , H. , G. Gercken , W. Schreiber , and J. Oehlenschlager . 1984 . Lipid, sterol and fatty acid composition of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) . Lipids 19 : 821 – 827 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frolov , A. V. , and S. L. Pankov . 1992 . The reproduction strategy of oyster Ostrea edulis L. from the biochemical point of view . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 103 : 161 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia , P. , P. Franco , R. Alvarez , and A. R. Lera . 2011 . Separation of regioisomers and enantiomers of underivatized saturated and unsaturated fatty acid monoacylglycerols using enantioselective HPLC . J. Sep. Sci. 34 : 999 – 1003 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghadge , S. V. , and H. Raheman . 2005 . Biodiesel production from Mahua. (Madhuca indica) oil having high free fatty acids . Biomass Bioener. 28 : 601 – 605 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gigliotti , J. C. , M. P. Davenport , S. K. Beamer , J. C. Tou , and J. Jaczynski . 2011 . Extraction and characterisation of lipid from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) . Food Chem. 125 : 1028 – 1036 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giogios , I. , K. Grigorakis , I. Nengas , S. Papasolomontos , N. Papaioannou , and M. N. Alexis . 2009 . Fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of selected marine oils and meals . J. Sci. Food Agric. 89 : 88 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hempel , I. , and G. Hempel . 1986 . Field observations on the developmental ascent of larval euphausia superba (crustacea) . Polar Biol. 6 : 121 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karmali , R. 1996 . Historical perspective and potential use of n-3 fatty acids in therapy of cancer cachexia . Nutrition 12 ( suppl. 1 ): S2 – S4 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinsella , J. E. , B. Lokesh , and R. A. Stone . 1990 . Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and amelioration of cardiovascular disease: possible mechanisms . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52 : 1 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacaze , J. C. , L. A. Stobo , E. A. Turrell , and M. A. Quilliam . 2007 . Solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of free fatty acids in shellfish . J. Chromatogr. A 1145 : 51 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour , M. P. 2005 . Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification of methyl esters of C-16-C-28 polyunsaturated fatty acids in microalgae, including octacosaoctaenoic acid [28:8(n-3)] . J. Chromatogr. A 1097 : 54 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passi , S. , S. Cataudella , P. D. Marco , F. D. Simone , and L. Rastrelli . 2002. Fatty acid composition and antioxidant levels in muscle tissue of different Mediterranean marine species of fish and shellfish. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50: 7314–7322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce , R. W. , and H. S. Olcott . 1969 . Proximate and lipid analyses of krill (Euphausia species) and red crab (Pleuroncodes planipes) . J. Agric. Food Chem. 17 : 367 – 369 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priddle , J. , I. L. Boyd , M. J. Whitehouse , E. J. Murphy , and J. P. Croxall . 1998 . Estimates of southern ocean primary production – constraints from predator demand and nutrient drawdown . J. Mar. Sys. 17 : 275 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surh , J. , J. S. Ryu , and H. Kwon . 2003 . Seasonal variations of fatty acid compositions in various Korean shellfish . J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 : 1617 – 1622 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Veen , J., B. Medwadowski , and H. S. Olcott . 1971 . The lipids of krill (Euphausia species) and red crab (Pleuroncodes Planipes) . Lipids 6 : 481 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. D. , R. Tocher , and J. R. Sargent . 1992 . Effects of exogenous monounsaturated fatty acids on fatly acid metabolism in cultured skin fibroblasts from adrenoleukodystrophy patients . J. Neurol. Sci 109 : 207 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng , S. , M. Kates , M. Dube , and D. Mclean . 2005 . Acid-catalyzed production of biodiesel from waste frying oil . Biomass Bioener. 30 : 267 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar