439
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY

Determination of Lead in Lipstick by Direct Solid Sampling High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Comparison of Two Digestion Methods

, , &
Pages 2265-2278 | Received 08 Jan 2013, Accepted 05 Mar 2013, Published online: 05 Sep 2013

REFERENCES

  • Al-Saley , I. , S. Al-Enazi , and N. Shinwari . 2009 . Assessment of lead in cosmetic products . Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 54 : 105 – 113 .
  • Beseker , K. D. , C. B. Rhoades , B. T. Jones , and K. W. Barnes . 1998 . A simple closed-vessel nitric acid digestion method for cosmetic samples . Atom. Spectrosc. 19 : 48 – 54 .
  • Borges , D. L.G. , A. F. Da Sila , B. Welz , A. J. Curtius , and U. Heitmann . 2006. Determination of lead in biological samples by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with direct solid sampling. Journal of Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 21: 763–769.
  • Campaign for Safe Cosmetics (CSC) . 2007 . A poison kiss: The problem of lead in lipstick. Available at <http://www.safecosmetics.org/about.reports.cfm>
  • Chen , D. 2002 . Using lead isotope ratios to distinguish between samples of the traditional Chinese medicine Dan-Shen . Agilent Appl. Note 5988 – 7450 .
  • Cosmetics, Toiletries and Fragrance Association, Lead Method (CTFA). (1997) Determination of lead content of finished cosmetics and raw materials. (internal document)
  • Hepp , N. M. , W. R. Mindak , and J. Cheng . 2009 . Determination of total lead in lipstick: development and validation of a microwave-assisted digestion, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method . J. Cosmet. Sci. 60 : 405 – 414 .
  • Hubert , P. , J. J. Nguyen-Huu , B. Boulanger , E. Chapuzet , P. Chiap , N. Cohen , et al. . 2006 . Harmonization of strategies for the validation of quantitative analytical procedures: A SFSTP proposal–part II . STP Pharm. Pratiques 16 : 34 .
  • Lepri , F. G. , D. L. Borges , R. G. O. Araujo , B. Welz , F. Wendler , M. Krieg , and H. Becker-Ross . 2010 . Determination of heavy metals in activated charcoals and carbon black for Lyocell fiber production using direct solid sampling high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry . Talanta 81 : 980 – 987 .
  • Meyer , P. A. , M. J. Brown , and H. Falk . 2008 . Global approach to reducing lead exposure and poisoning . Mutation Res. 659 : 166 – 175 .
  • Nnorom , I. C. , J. C. Igwe , and C. G. Oji-Nnorom . 2005 . Trace metal contents of facial (make-up) cosmetics commonly used in Nigeria . African J. Biotechnol. 10 : 1133 – 1138 .
  • Okamoto , M. , M. Kanda , I. Matsumoto , and Y. Miya . 1971 . Fast analysis of trace amounts of lead in cosmetics by atomic absorption spectrophotometry . J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 22 : 589 – 598 .
  • Resano , M. , and E. Garcia-Ruiz . 2011 . High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: Is it as good as it sounds? A critical review . Anal. Bional. Chem. 3399 : 323 – 330 .
  • Rodushkin , I. , M. D. Axelsson , and E. Burman . 2000 . Multielement analysis of coal by ICP techniques using solution nebulization and laser ablation . Talanta 51 : 743 – 750 .
  • Silva , A. F. , D. L. G. Borges , F. G. Lepri , B. Welz , A. J. Curtius , and U. Heitamnn . 2005 . Determination of cadmium in coal using solid sampling graphite furnace high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 382 : 1835 – 1841 .
  • United States Food; and Drug Authorities Guidance for Industry (US FDA). Center for Food Safety; and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Plant; and Dairy Foods . 2006 . Lead in candy likely to be consumed frequently by small children: recommended maximum level and enforcement policy. Available at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/dms.pbguid3.html .
  • Wang , H. , T. Nakasako , K. Sakanishi , O. Yamada , H. Tao , and I. Saito . 2004 . Microwave digestion with HNO3/H2O2 mixture at high temperatures for determination of trace elements in coal by ICP-OES and ICP-MS . Anal. Chim. Acta. 514 : 115 – 118 .
  • Welz , B. , H. Becker-Ross , S. Florek , and U. Heitmann . 2005 . High-resolution continuum source AAS: The better way to do atomic absorption spectrometry . Darmstadt : GmbH, Wiley-Vch .
  • Welz , B. , M. G. R. Vale , D. L. G. Borges , and U. Heitmann . 2007 . Progress in direct solid sampling analysis using line source and high-resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 389 : 2085 – 2095 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.