Determination of Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Nitrates: A Minireview

References

• Bohlke, J. K., R. L. Smith, and J. E. Hannon. 2007. Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O. Analytical Chemistry 79:5888–95. doi:10.1021/ac070176k
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casciotti, K. L. 2016. Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic studies of the marine nitrogen cycle. Annual Review of Marine Science 8:379–407. doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casciotti, K. L., J. K. Bohlke, M. R. McIlvin, S. J. Mroczkowski, and J. E. Hannon. 2007. Oxygen isotopes in nitrite: Analysis, calibration, and equilibration. Analytical Chemistry 79:2427–36. doi:10.1021/ac061598h
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casciotti, K. L., D. M. Sigman, M. G. Hastings, J. K. Bohlke, and A. Hilkert. 2002. Measurement of the oxygen isotopic composition of nitrate in seawater and freshwater using the denitrifier method. Analytical Chemistry 74:4905–12. doi:10.1021/ac020113w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C. C. Y., J. Langston, M. Riggs, D. H. Campbell, S. R. Silva, and C. Kendall. 1999. A method for nitrate collection for delta N-15 and delta O-18 analysis from waters with low nitrate concentrations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56:1856–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciezka, M., M. Modelska, M. Gorka, A. Trojanowska-Olichwer, and D. Widory. 2016. Chemical and isotopic interpretation of major ion compositions from precipitation: A one-year temporal monitoring study in Wroclaw, SW Poland. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 73:61–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coplen, T. B., J. K. Bohlke, and K. L. Casciotti. 2004. Using dual-bacterial denitrification to improve δ15N determinations of nitrates containing mass-independent 17O. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 18:245–50. doi:10.1002/rcm.1318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durka, W., E. D. Schulze, G. Gebauer, and S. Voerkelius. 1994. Effects of forest decline on uptake and leaching of deposited nitrate determined from 15N and 18O measurements. Nature 372:765–67. doi:10.1038/372765a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fibiger, D. L., J. E. Dibb, D. X. Chen, J. L. Thomas, J. F. Burkhart, L. G. Huey, and M. G. Hastings. 2016. Analysis of nitrate in the snow and atmosphere at Summit, Greenland: Chemistry and transport. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121:5010–30. doi:10.1002/2015jd024187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkmann, W., K. Altendorf, E. Stackebrandt, and A. Lipski. 2000. Characterization of N2O-producing Xanthomonas-like isolates from biofilters as Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens sp nov., Luteimonas mephitis gen. nov., sp nov and Pseudoxanthomonas broegbernensis gen. nov., sp nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50:273–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger, J., and D. M. Sigman. 2009. Removal of nitrite with sulfamic acid for nitrate N and O isotope analysis with the denitrifier method. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 23:3753–62. doi:10.1002/rcm.4307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger, J., D. M. Sigman, M. G. Prokopenko, M. F. Lehmann, and P. D. Tortell. 2006. A method for nitrite removal in nitrate N and O isotope analyses. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 4:205–12. doi:10.4319/lom.2006.4.205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger, J., and S. D. Wankel. 2016. Isotopic overprinting of nitrification on denitrification as a ubiquitous and unifying feature of environmental nitrogen cycling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113:E6391–400. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601383113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, H., A. Bourbonnais, J. Larkum, H. W. Bange, and M. A. Altabet. 2016. Nitrogen cycling in shallow low oxygen coastal waters off Peru from nitrite and nitrate nitrogen and oxygen isotopes. Biogeosciences 13:1453–68. doi:10.5194/bg-13-1453-2016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber, B., S. M. Bernasconi, J. Luster, and E. G. Pannatier. 2011. A new isolation procedure of nitrate from freshwater for nitrogen and oxygen isotope analysis. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 25:3056–62. doi:10.1002/rcm.5199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob, J., T. Sanders, and K. Dahnke. 2016. Nitrite consumption and associated isotope changes during a river flood event. Biogeosciences 13:5649–59. doi:10.5194/bg-13-5649-2016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefe, A. 1998. Integrated cavity output analysis of ultra-weak absorption. Chemical Physics Letters 293:331–36. doi:10.1016/s0009-s2614(98)00785-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall, C., E. M. Elliott, and S. D. Wankel. 2007. Tracing anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to ecosystems. Chapter 12. In Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science, ed. R. H. Michener and K. Lajtha, 2nd edition, 375–449. Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kornexl, B., R. Medina, and H. L. Schmidt. 1994. A sensitive method for the fast and simultaneous determination of Delta-N-15-values and Delta-O-18-values in nitrate. Isotopenpraxis 30:215–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornexl, B. E., M. Gehre, R. Hofling, and R. A. Werner. 1999. On-line δ18O measurement of organic and inorganic substances. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 13:1685–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubasek, J. 2016. Optical spectroscopy for analysis of the ratio of stable isotopes. Competition or alternative for conventional mass spectroscopy of stable isotopes (IRMS)? Chemicke Listy 110:166–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W. B., Y. B. Song, H. K. Xu, L. Y. Chen, W. H. Dai, and M. Dong. 2015. Ion-exchange method in the collection of nitrate from freshwater ecosystems for nitrogen and oxygen isotope analysis: A review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22:9575–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lis, G., L. I. Wassenaar, and M. J. Hendry. 2008. High-precision laser spectroscopy D/H and 18O/16O measurements of microliter natural water samples. Analytical Chemistry 80:287–93. doi:10.1021/ac701716q
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer, B., and L. I. Wassenaar. 2012. Isotopic characterization of nitrate sources and transformations in Lake Winnipeg and its contributing rivers, Manitoba, Canada. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38:135–46. doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2012.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIlvin, M. R., and M. A. Altabet. 2005. Chemical conversion of nitrate and nitrite to nitrous oxide for nitrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis in freshwater and seawater. Analytical Chemistry 77:5589–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIlvin, M. R., and K. L. Casciotti. 2011. Technical updates to the bacterial method for nitrate isotopic analyses. Analytical Chemistry 83:1850–56. doi:10.1021/ac1028984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oita, I. J. 1984. Direct determination of trace oxygen in organic materials with an infrared detector after conversion to carbon-monoxide. Analytical Chemistry 56:1155–58. doi:10.1021/ac00271a023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul, J., L. Lapson, and J. G. Anderson. 2001. Ultra sensitive absorption spectroscopy with a high-finesse optical cavity and off axis alignment. Applied Optics 40:4904–10. doi:10.1364/ao.40.004904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafter, P. A., and D. M. Sigman. 2016. Spatial distribution and temporal variation of nitrate nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 61:14–31. doi:10.1002/lno.10152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revesz, K., J. K. Bohlke, and T. Yoshinari. 1997. Determination of delta O-18 and delta N-15 in nitrate. Analytical Chemistry 69:4375–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryabenko, E., M. A. Altabet, and D. W. R. Wallace. 2009. Effect of chloride on the chemical conversion of nitrate to nitrous oxide for delta N-15 analysis. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 7:545–52. doi:10.4319/lom.2009.7.545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigman, D. M., K. L. Casciotti, M. Andreani, C. Barford, M. Galanter, and J. K. Bohlke. 2001. A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater. Analytical Chemistry 73:4145–53. doi:10.1021/ac010088e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, S. R., C. Kendall, D. H. Wilkison, A. C. Ziegler, C. C. Y. Chang, and R. J. Avanzino. 2000. A new method for collection of nitrate from fresh water and the analysis of nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios. Journal of Hydrology 228:22–36. doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(99)00205-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soto, D. X., G. Koehler, and K. A. Hobson. 2015. Combining denitrifying bacteria and laser spectroscopy for isotopic analyses (δ15N, δ18O) of dissolved nitrate. Analytical Chemistry 87:7000–05. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spoelstra, J., S. L. Schiff, P. W. Hazlett, D. S. Jeffries, and R. G. Semkin. 2007. The isotopic composition of nitrate produced from nitrification in a hardwood forest floor. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71:3757–71. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.05.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stedman, G. 1959a. Mechanism of the azide-nitrite reaction. 1. Journal of the Chemical Society SEP-O: 2943–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stedman, G. 1959b. Mechanism of the azide-nitrite reaction. 2. Journal of the Chemical Society SEP-O: 2949–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu, Y., Y. T. Fang, D. W. Liu, and Y. P. Pan. 2016. Modifications to the azide method for nitrate isotope analysis. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 30:1213–22. doi:10.1002/rcm.7551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Geldern, R., M. E. Nowak, M. Zimmer, A. Szizybalski, A. Myrttinen, J. A. C. Barth, and H. J. Jost. 2014. Field-based stable isotope analysis of carbon dioxide by mid-infrared laser spectroscopy for carbon capture and storage monitoring. Analytical Chemistry 86:12191–98. doi:10.1021/ac5031732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, J. W., C. F. Liu, and N. Y. Zhao. 2003. Theory and practice of isotope hydrology. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Y. Cao, H. Z. Han, R. Y. Tang, X. L. Wang, and Y. F. Sun. 2015. Determination of nitrogen and oxygen isotope of nitrate in water with a chemical conversion method. Acta Pedologica Sinica 52:558–56.
   Google Scholar
• Wassenaar, L. I., M. J. Hendry, and N. Harrington. 2006. Decadal geochemical and isotopic trends for nitrate in a transboundary aquifer and implications for agricultural beneficial management practices. Environmental Science & Technology 40:4626–32. doi:10.1021/es060724w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weigand, M. A., J. Foriel, B. Barnett, S. Oleynik, and D. M. Sigman. 2016. Updates to instrumentation and protocols for isotopic analysis of nitrate by the denitrifier method. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 30:1365–83. doi:10.1002/rcm.7570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar